Google in China free essay sample

In 2006, China endeavored to move away from communism and pronounced itself focused on financial change and to opening itself to the outside world. Extended individual flexibilities for its residents, in any case, China despite everything kept up a cruel authorization of political and strict guidelines ? Enrollment in the WTO set China back up for life as a potential market for Western organizations ? Hurray! first American Internet organization to enter China in 1999. Uncensored Internet data was not invited by Chinese specialists and government authorities quickly actualized rules confining access to content esteemed inappropriate or unsafe, and observed Internet utilization of its residents ? Remembered numerous private residents for their reconnaissance endeavors, and executed open purposeful publicity battles to make environment of dread from response and self-restriction ? Tom MacLean executive of International Business for Google Inc. or on the other hand most recent nine months; beginning to stress over his professional stability after a tempest of analysis coming about because of choice to consent to subject Google’s query items to Chinese power examination ? Felt that he and his group had been aware of political traps they could look in actualizing their key arrangement in China; level and power of resulting kickback and objection was sudden ? Elliot Schrage, Google’s VP of Global Communications and Public Affairs, efended G oogle’s restriction understanding as important, while simultaneously conceding choice clashed profoundly with Google’s center standards, and that it was something they were not pleased with ? Congressional hearing planted seeds of uncertainty in MacLean about Google in China choice. We will compose a custom paper test on Google in China or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Beginning to address if Google was underwriting oversight by adjusting to the Chinese authorities’ rules, if Google was going about as a device for the legislature, if Chinese residents were in reality happier after Google’s choice to enter China, and whether restriction choice went against their expressed corporate way of thinking ? Top administration guarantee Google’s choice was made dependent on data at present accessible at that point; were not hesitant to return to that choice if vital ? MacLean has just a single day before going to a gathering where he would be addressed on the turn of events and usage of Google’s China procedure and requested his recommendations for future game-plans ? MacLean under a ton of strain to act, however his sense is to stay by his system and let it play out somewhat more; trusting that Senate hearing would be the last piece of exposure for some time Issue Identification: (Write in complete sentences starting now and into the foreseeable future) Key Identify serious problem(s) and any minor contributing problem(s) ? Google’s propelling of Google China and concurring with Chinese government’s control requests has discolored their notoriety and open picture (major) ? Loads of terrible exposure created comprehensively; makes them look like wolves in sheep's clothing ? Gotten between distance of a possibly incredibly rewarding universal market and a moral situation of worldwide extent ? Organization mocked for its pronounced â€Å"don’t be evil† maxim; pundits censure Google for supporting a nation with a system known for its various, very much archived maltreatment of human rights and harsh measures; infringement of globally perceived standards (minor) ? What ought to MacLean say at the gathering to legitimize his system? ? Has it gotten important for Google’s top administration group to return to choice considering new data and conditions? What would it be a good idea for us to do? Under a great deal of strain to act†¦. before long Inferences: Key Read between the lines and make a few suspicions about the case that re recommended yet not expressly gave (set out to find the real story) ? Choice by Google to choose China as its worldwide objective at this specific point in their political and social history is suspect, in any case, as per their drawn out worldwide procedure, they couldn't leave behind such a huge open door ? Restriction cho ice was important to keep up their situation as worldwide web crawler showcase pioneers and to fight off advances from significant contenders, for example, Yahoo! (who as of now have a set up solid footing in China) and Microsoft ? Fit for enduring out the tempest of analysis without significant negative money related ramifications ? In time, whole scene will just â€Å"blow over† as media proceeds onward to something different ? For long haul increase, worth enduring transient agony ? Activities can be defended whenever given the correct â€Å"spin† ? No unsalvageable harm has been done to the company’s notoriety ? Universal business chance related with choice can be overseen General Case Ideas: Key Link pertinent course material/hypothesis to the case State relevant hypothesis (the â€Å"what†) ? The worldwide economy (Chapter 1, pages XX) Cultural impacts on worldwide business (Chapter 3, pages XX) ? Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Market Screening Process presents ? Morals and Corporate Social Responsibility in International Business present ? Government and political impacts on worldwide business (Chapter 4, pages XX) ? Overseeing universal business chance (Chapter 21, pag es XX) Make pertinent associations between course hypothesis and the case (the â€Å"so what†) ? There are four significant classifications of the worldwide business condition that MNCs ought to consider when settling on potential development markets: 1. Geographic Conditions (atmosphere, landscape, seaways, normal assets) 2. Social Factors (acknowledged practices, qualities, and customs; language, instruction, religion, social connections) 3. Political and Legal Factors (kind of government, political solidness, government arrangements toward business) 4. Monetary Conditions (kind of financial framework, general training level of the populace, sorts of businesses, level of innovation) ? The two of these that are generally relevant to this case are: Cultural Social Factors The more comparative one’s own way of life is to another ever, language, religion and so forth , the less troublesome it is to direct business in that society. Be that as it may, when social orders vary on the vast majority of these attributes, the potential for trouble develops exponentially. For most American organizations in China, this potential is high. There will be countless, unanticipated difficulties, in any event, when there is a genuine exertion to find out about and get China and its kin. While working together in China, numerous social and social contemplations must be tended to. Political and Legal Factors China hosts been under the socialist gathering rule for a long time. The socialist party practices total control over enactments and financial and social organizations. Dissimilar to western economies where the administration advances straightforwardness for working together, in China rules and guidelines are not all that straightforward. Exacting laws and licenses in economies of the west ensure household and remote organizations, while in China, the legitimate framework is approximately characterized, offering ascend to different escape clauses in the law. While working together in China, numerous political and legitimate contemplations must be thought of. End and Recommendations: Key Suggest explicit and implementable answers for take care of distinguished issues ? Keep up the state of affairs with respect to choice †¦but go into harm control mode ? Recruit a universally experienced and prestigious advertising firm to introduce the circumstance in an increasingly positive light (â€Å"spin doctors†) ? Counter terrible exposure by utilizing the media for your potential benefit. Issue a progression of official statements contending that it would be all the more harming to pull out of China inside and out; address reactions straightforwardly and obviously clarify the justification of your choice ? Contend that restriction is important to shield the Chinese government from blocking Google through and through, and that Google can assume a job increasingly helpful to the reason with the expectation of complimentary discourse by taking an interest in Chinas data innovation industry than by declining to go along and being denied admission to the terrain Chinese market ? Feature the way that Chinese specialists have confined residents to opular web crawlers, for example, Altavista and Yahoo! before, and that while evacuating indexed lists is conflicting with Googles crucial, no data at all would be considerably increasingly conflicting with their main goal ? Increasingly open perceivability of Yahoo originators Page and Brin just as CEO Eric Schmidt. Conveyance of steady message through deliberately organized TV and print promotion crusades and appearances at national and worldwide industry discussions ? Change open discernment through expanded advancement of Google’s altruistic work ? It isn't Google’s employment to fix governments yet to give the best assistance to clients and the most ideal come back to its partners. By deciding to work together in China, they must serve the Chinese individuals in their best, yet confined, way given current political atmosphere ? On the off chance that we didnt do it, another person would have ? Underscore that oversight issues are not confined to China and that Google likewise needed to do comparable things in Germany just as in their own nation of origin to meet lawful necessities ? Stand together as an industry. Enroll rival’s help with comparable issues and basic interests. Get Bill Gates, very rich person author of Microsoft, to go to bat for chief opponent Google and contend that state control was no purpose behind innovation organizations not to work together in China. Get Gates to give open articulation that the Internet is adding to Chinese political commitment, as access to the outside world is forestalling more restriction ? Close its China workplaces and forsake advertise

Procter and Gamble Case Study free essay sample

1.) LAUNDRY PG: 46.0% Tide (33.2%) Mr. Clean (7.9%) Unilever Phils.: 32.5% Surf (19.2%) Breeze (10.7%) Superior: 5.6% Champion (5.6%) 2.) FABRIC CONDITIONERS PG: 63.9% Wool (63.9%) Unilever Phils.: 27.7% Solace (27.72%) Henkel Phils.: 4.8% Vernell (4.8%) 3.) TOILET SOAPS PG: 63.9% Defend (57.0%) Ivory (5.0%) CPP: 13.4% Palmolive Naturals (8.3%) Delicate Care (3.8%) JJ Phils.: 4.6% 4.) HAIR CONDITIONER Unilever: 82.5% Creamsilk (82.5%) PG: 11.0% Pantene (7.5%) Ivory (3.5%) Bristol-Myers: 4.9% Home grown Essence (4.9%) 5.) SHAMPOOS PG: 41.0% Celebrate (16.9%) Pantene (9.1%) HeadShoulders (8.9%) Ivory (6.0%) Unilever: 11.0% Sunsilk (23.5%) Lux (6.8%) CPP: 23.1% Palmolive (16.5%) Optima (3.3%) 6.) BABY DIAPERS PG: 41.0% Spoils Comfort (29.2%) Spoils Dry (12.6%) Kimberly-Clark Phils.: 37.5% Huggies (21.4%) Kimbies (16.1%) Unitrade: 12.7% Prokids (9.4%) Lovesome (1.1%) 7.) CATAMENIALS JJ Phils.: 52.9% Modess (36.8%) Joyful (16.0%) PG: 25.6% Murmur (25.6%) Kimberly-Clark Phils.: 18.5% Newtex (18.5%) Targets To expand piece of the pie of hair conditioner classification from 11% with 10% dynamic increment in each quarter. To build piece of the pie of catamenials classification from 25% to half. To build up a superior item separation for catamenials and hair conditioner portfolio to rival the main rivals. Outer Environment Dangers: Proceeding with decrease of the Philippines economy and political unsteadiness The result of contenders has just settled a devoted market that PG may think that its hard to infiltrate the objective market The contenders are worldwide organization too that keeps up a forceful promoting techniques There is a development of modest private-name brands of retailers like the SM reward There is bringing down of costs of contenders because of expanding between Asian association (AFTA) There is an inundation of merger-fever of huge contenders Openings: Noteworthy increment in populace which gives an open door for a bigger market Growth in the mechanical and administration division There is a wide exhibit of market in Hair Conditioner classification since anyone youthful and old can utilize it People are getting progressively aware of individual consideration that opens to a huge market. Interior Environment Shortcomings: Keeps up wide assortment of items coming about to certain items appear to be unnoticed by the customers Skills, preparing and improvement on occasion deprioritized/deferred No genuine cognizant exertion to look for cost decrease openings in territories of: OPERATING EXPENSES, ASSETS UTILIZATION, MARKETING, CONSUMER RESEARCH, TECHNICAL TESTING, MERCHANDISING, ETC., STRENGTHS: One of the top organizations in the nation Has built up brand names and considered as market pioneer in family unit necessities and individual consideration Maintains high honesty as far as item quality and looks forward consistently to win in the commercial center Vicious in building unrivaled associations with the objective market including clients, providers, the private and government parts. Elective Courses of Action Activity Focal points Weaknesses Concentrate on Product Development - Will improve consumer loyalty furthermore, keep up item unwaveringness among shopper - Create item separation and build up a superior item picture - Efficient usage of assembled information - Additional expense - Focus on Research and Development (RD) Enter the market through monstrous tri-media battle (print, communicate, TV) with concentrating on customer fulfillment - Promote item and become a commonly recognized name among shoppers - Vast assets of P G could be put to use with a forceful advertising procedure that is pointed of keeping up its serious edge over different organizations. - Additional expense - Would confront hardened rivalry with other worldwide organizations that give hair conditioner and catamenials item. Set up an all around arranged administration of item conveyance in every aspect of the nation - Increase piece of the overall industry through creation the item helpfully accessible in every aspect of appropriation outlets - This will improve the advertising of the item Organize the progression of the conveyance of items - Additional workforce implies extra cost Methodologies Need to fortify the attractiveness of the two items by building up our incentive in addition to an enormous publicizing and special crusades just as creating dispersion inclusion to arrive at item development. Consumer loyalty Improvement of item quality to concoct the best item separation to be offered to the customer on which the R D will be entrusted to execute. Correspondence TO CONSUMERS 1. Publicizing Thorough publicizing effort utilizing print advertisement, TV/Radio media, announcement, flyers, pennants and so forth. Will commission top promoting organization to make another face to the brands. 2. Picture Models Every product offering would have a model that would typify the item separation. In catamenial classification, the endorser should speak to tenable ability like well known star that shows excitement, magnificence and tastefulness in all viewpoints. For hair conditioner classification, the picture model ought to be a mainstream star that is being loved both by youthful and old. 3. Spending plan A. Catamenial Category ( Whisper ) Starting financial plan for year is P100,000,000.00 Spreads Production, TV advertisements, radio and print B.Hair Conditioner ( Pantene ) Starting Budget for the year is P130,000,000.00 Covers all tri-media costs Covers ability charge just as creation of advertisements Comfort A. Deals Force: Fortify its business power by giving enough commissions to urge them to cover across the nation dissemination Trainings and courses will be directed routinely to sales reps so as to accomplish item information and how to settle a negotiation. B. Wholesalers/Dealers We will be giving better edge of limits for significant wholesaler just as sellers to convey the items Would stretch out a decent credit line to large wholesalers C. Nearby Satellites Build up a branch in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao to oversee appropriately the dispersion of stocks accessible whenever required by the wholesalers Action Plans/Programs A.Launching of new advertisements advancements (tri-media) Key Dates:1st Quarter of the Year (January †March) Re-propelling of the result of its new promotions and a new endorser by means of formal item notices through the media †radio, TV, and print. The limited time battle for the item will be in to the max Holding of question and answer session and issue public statements with its new endorser Nationwide visit will be done to be secured by a significant TV station B.Summer Special Big Event Key Dates:2nd Quarter (April June) Ceaseless tri-media commercial Screen showcase acknowledgment Support significant summer exercises like excellence expos, sports exercises, and so on. Structuring new idea on advertisements and advancement Arrangement of prepared deals power C.Introduction of New Ads through TV stations Key Dates:3rd Quarter (July September) Presentation of new advertisements in all TV stations Make a jingle in through TV advertisements that any individual would appreciate to copy Continuous print promotions and radio situations Assessment of every circulation communities across the nation D.Year End Special Key Dates:4th Quarter (October December) Appraisal of 3 quarters execution Direct a stock review and item assessment development versus the financial plan Sustain its ads to guarantee proceeded with item support Culmination of the vital plans through a Christmas extraordinary, for example, party, money reward or any motivating forces for top performing workers. Acknowledgment of buyer of its proceeded with support of item through wager draw. Potential Problem Usage of the previously mentioned techniques and plans will urge the contending organizations to concentrate likewise on the most proficient method to keep up its market initiative in catamenials and hair conditioner class. They would address too the conveyance of the ideal fulfillment of shoppers more viably and effectively than what they did in the standard advertising practice. The difficulties that would rise will be a difficulty on consumer’s reaction and how to conform to the different promoting contributions of each contending organizations. Alternate course of action Every product offering directors of catamenials and hair conditioner class will be dynamic in the month to month evaluation and understanding of the money related information dependent on deals/advertise reaction. Thorough research studies and conveyance focuses checking will be attempted. This will give estimation with regards to the adequacy of the plans actualized and the yield would determine what vital and prompt change or improvement steps to be completed.

Effective Ways Of Handling Employee Grievance

Effective Ways Of Handling Employee Grievance We all complain about our bosses (mostly behind their backs).With that in mind, it would be silly to expect our employees (or juniors) not to complain about one thing or another in the workplace.To hear an employee complaining about having a hard time with their tasks, or even day to day interaction with other employees, is already something that happens in many different companies. How you handle these complaints can easily mean the difference between being the superboss everyone wants to work for and the dictator responsible for everybody’s problems. Most companies have measures in place to deal with those complaints and resolve any problems. These measures could be in the form of company policies or programs that specifically focus on resolving issues employees have within the workplace, whether it has something to do with their job or with their co-workers.The perspective shifts greatly when the complaints from employees are directed towards their employers. There has always been a stigma attached to employees complaining against their employer, and this goes back to the old times. Stories of masters and slaves have been told through the ages. If a slave openly expressed their opinions on what they considered to be the shortcomings of their masters, things did not end well.Don’t get excited. Your employees are not your slaves.Stories like those have been retold over and over as time went by, even as corporate and workplace cultures have evolved. Employees who complain against their employers were, more often than not, viewed as ungrateful, showing no gratitude because the act seems dangerously close to “biting the hand that feeds them”. That’s probably the reason why for a long time most employees would exploit all possible avenues of solving a problem before approaching the boss.Today, times have changed in favor of these employees and workers. Worker rights have certainly gained more recognition, and one indication is how complaints are now given more attention and actually taken seriously. Now, employees can make their complaints formal and they even have the right avenues and platforms to formally air their concerns.WHAT IS EMPLOYEE GRIEVANCE?Employee grievance is one of the many aspects of personnel management. If you try to go over the company policies and employee handbooks of companies, you are bound to find extensive discussion on employee grievance. But what is a grievance in the first place?Grievance is generally defined as a “real or imagined wrong, or other cause for protest that is a cause of distress”. In legalese, grievance is any “injury, injustice or wrong that affords reason for resistance, and its formal expression is in the form of a complaint”.In the context of bosses and their juniors, there is a more specific definition provided by HR practitioners. They define “employee grievance” as a specific complaint or formal notice of employee dissatisfaction related to the adequacy of pay or compensation, the job requirements, the current work conditions, or other aspects of their employment. Often, you will also hear employee grievance when employers are accused by employees to have committed a violation of the terms of an existing collective bargaining agreement.It is a complaint when the employee merely expresses his thoughts and opinions verbally, talking about it to anyone who cares to listen. It becomes a grievance when the employee formalizes it, mostly through putting the complaint in writing and submitting it to the appropriate authority t asked to look into the resolution of the complaint.It is comparable to a university setting. Students dissatisfied with certain aspects of the school administration can complain all they want, but it becomes a grievance once they file a collective petition against the university’s administration. Usually, the formal airing of the grievances is the only thing that results in action from the authorities.Handling employee grievances is a function of the company human resource management department. It makes sense, since the employees can hardly file their complaints against the person they are complaining about, can they? In these instances, the HR department acts as a semi-independent body. It is “semi” independent because, although they are part of the company’s administrative structure, their actions in investigating and helping resolve employee grievances must be independent and unbiased, with respect to the employer or the subject of the complaint.Employee grievance, altho ugh integrated into many company policies, remains to be a heavy and very sensitive issue. Each grievance must be given serious attention, and that falls on the shoulders of the HR or a grievance committee, if there is one formed within the organizational structure. The main task of these grievance committees is to look into the validity of the complaint.We are talking about having to air your dissatisfaction against the employer that essentially signs your paycheck, so it definitely takes a lot of guts to get out there and make your complaint formal. However, it is also a fact that there are some employees that make baseless accusations against their employers because they have their own agendas in mind. This is why employee grievance must be dealt with fairly and properly. TYPES OF EMPLOYEE GRIEVANCESEmployees will not complain for no reason. By identifying the types of employee grievances, we can immediately identify the reasons or causes of such complaints. The types of grievanc es are based on the nature of the complaint, and we will take a look at the most common ones.Employee compensation and benefitsA great bulk of employee grievance cases has something to do with the pay and benefit packages that employees receive â€" or do not receive â€" from their employers. This is the topic most unions take up with the management of the companies they belong to.For example, you may feel like you are undercompensated, or that your salary is not proportional to the level of your responsibilities combined with the bulk and complexity of the work you are actually doing. Other times, you may also feel that there are benefits that you are entitled to but are not being given. This is reason enough for employees to complain against their employers, and no doubt, if you feel that your employer is dong one of these, you’ll not hesitate to lodge your complaint.Attention may also be fixed on pay equity within the organization, with respect to the amount of work and the natu re of the job. In instances when the company grants pay increases or bonuses, if the incentives are not balanced, the group receiving lower incentives will make complaints that they will feel compelled to take to a formal level.Employment and personnel policiesEmployees’ complaints may also be spurred by layoffs, transfers and assignments. If you feel that you have been unfairly transferred to, say, a division or department where your skills are not really required, and your earlier efforts to ask for a reconsideration fail, chances are that you will feel compelled to formalize the complaint into a grievance.The grievance could also be due to some areas or clauses contained in the company’s personnel policies, such as the hiring and recruitment procedures, leave administration, and merit and promotion plans, to name a few.Workload and work distributionYou can also feel that you have been unfairly given more work than other people in the same rank. This clearly shows that there i s a problem with how the workload is distributed among the employees. All employees getting the same compensation should also get roughly the same volume of work and responsibilities.Aside from unfair distribution of work, the complaint may arise simply from the employees’ opinion that the company is working them to the ground. This is especially true in the case of companies that are going through lean times and have to employ cost-cutting measures. For example, efforts of the company to bring down costs could lead to you and the other employees in your department to put in more work outside your usual work hours.Here’s the catch: if the extra responsibilities will not be treated as overtime, you won’t be receiving any extra compensation and as a result, you will most certainly protest. You will definitely not listen to the explanation that the company is simply cutting down on costs. In other cases, you may be asked to take on more work, so that you are technically going to perform the work of two or three people. If you are asked to do so without a corresponding increase in your compensation, there is bound to be a problem.Your employer may have appealed to your good conscience to “sacrifice that much” for the company during tough times. During the first few months, you’re probably going to be all right with it. However, if that situation drags on longer, and it seems that the employer is getting comfortable and he shows no clear plans or intentions of setting it right after the company has regained its footing, then clearly, these are causes for concern.Work conditionsUnsafe workplaces and offices that pose potential physical harm and health problems to employees are also seen as valid reasons for a formal complaint. One of the best indicators of a company caring about its employees is the provision of a safe and clean working environment.Are you provided with the tools necessary to carry out your tasks? Are you working with well-functioning to ols, machinery and equipment? Is the workplace well-ventilated and properly lit? Needless to say, if these are not satisfactory, not only will they cause potential harm and injury to the employees, they will also bring about frustration and dissatisfaction.Management-employee relationsIn some cases, it is possible for you as an employee to feel a divide or a gap with management or your employer. Maybe you are having trouble gaining access to, and communicating with, the employer. One way to bridge that gap is to file a grievance.Unions exist to represent the interest of the employees to the management, and their primary focus is on unfair labor practices that harm the relationship between the management and employees.[slideshare id=64703087doc=managingdisciplineandgrievance-160804152859w=640h=330]THE EMPLOYEE GRIEVANCE PROCESSIn order to handle employee grievances, there must be a set of procedures or a process to be followed. The process may vary depending on the company, specifica lly its culture. Usually, we hear of grievance procedures being developed as part of collective bargaining agreements or company policies designed as a means of internal dispute resolutions. These are often contained in companies’ Formal Grievance Procedures and employee Handbooks.No matter what the differences are, however, these processes mostly follow a basic flow. The grievance process is set in motion once the grievance committee or HR has received the grievance of the employee in writing. Resolving it is done, generally, through a five-step process, as described below.1. The supervisor or a manager takes informal action.If you are the HR representative, or the person in charge of handling grievances in the company, you are supposed to inform the manager or supervisor that the employee directly reports to about it. You are basically letting them take the first step or first informal action, which is usually through a casual and discreet conversation with the employee who made the complaint.The purpose of this informal action is to try to settle the problem early on, without involving other members of the grievance committee. Perhaps a resolution can be reached before the problem becomes more serious and the grievance reaches a higher stage.It is also during this step that the grievance of the employee is acknowledged. The mere fact that you called the attention of his or her immediate supervisor is already an acknowledgement on your part that the employee has a grievance, and it has reached the proper eyes and ears. It is important to let the employee know that his thoughts or concerns are not being outright ignored, and that steps are going to be taken to address them.The supervisor or the person having the talk with the employee should demonstrate sensitivity and the ability to actually listen to what the employee has to say. No matter how, initially, the complaint may seem silly or nonsensical, there is a need to treat it seriously.If no settlement h as been reached at this early stage, the grievance will proceed to the next step. Often, the employee will be required to submit a grievance letter to formalize the whole thing.2. A formal meeting is held with the employee.The formal stage of the process begins and, this time, the grievance committee will take the reins. You will schedule a formal meeting with the employee, and it is in that venue where his grievance will be discussed in greater detail.The meeting should be held private. There are two parties that must be present during the meeting: you as a representative (and other representatives, if any) from the grievance committee and the employee who filed the grievance. In most cases, the employee may be accompanied by another co-worker.Witnesses may be invited. In the course of conducting the meeting, you may deem it necessary to call or invite other employees as witnesses that may provide valuable input regarding the grievance.Confidentiality is a must. The details about t he meeting taking place must be kept under wraps, strictly among the people involved. Thus, the location of the meeting should also be kept off-limits to outsiders or uninvolved individuals.The formal meeting is the appropriate venue to fully discuss the grievance of the employee, focusing on who, what, where, when, why and how the issue came to being. All accounts made by the employee as well as those of any witnesses during the meeting will be the basis in ascertaining whether the grievance is valid or not.Depending on its nature and complexity, the grievance may be resolved at this step. If it’s not solved, the process proceeds to the third step.3. Further investigation is conducted.If the grievance is so complex that it cannot be resolved during the formal meeting, there is a need to conduct further investigation.Fact and data gathering tasks are going to be conducted by members of the grievance committee. You may have already obtained more than the bare facts during the forma l meeting, but those are mostly one-sided, since the input was mainly from the employee. There might be a need to verify some facts that will support any decision that will be made about validity of the complaint.Usually, you will be going about it using the typical data-gathering methods, such as the conduct of interviews with other employees and key personalities to get more information that may shed some light on the grievance.4. A decision is made and communicated to the employee.The results of the formal meeting, and any further investigations conducted, will be the basis for the committee to decide whether the grievance is valid or not. Once a decision has been reached, you must communicate it to the employee.It is important to keep the employee informed of the progress of the investigation â€" and the entire grievance management procedure â€" every step of the way. It’s a matter of fairness and respect for the employee, and to ensure transparency in how the grievance is bei ng handled. This will also help him decide on the next steps to take regarding the complaint.If the grievance is valid, it may be resolved at this stage and your job is done. If the resolution is not to the employee’s satisfaction, you may have to take it to the next step.5. If the grievance is rejected, or it was resolved but the employee was not satisfied with the resolution, the grievance may be taken to the next level in the management hierarchy.The facts will be reviewed, and a decision will again have to be made to resolve the grievance. If, again, it is not resolved at that stage, it will be taken to another, higher, level of management. It may even reach a point where an outsider will be called in to arbitrate and provide a fresh perspective.The higher the level of management that the grievance goes up to, the more people will be involved. This is why, at the beginning, all efforts should be geared to settling the complaint as early as possible. This is because taking it f urther is bound to take more time and company resources.HOW TO MANAGE EMPLOYEE GRIEVANCEResolving employee grievance is usually not an easy task. The one thing that will assure handling it effectively is to approach it systematically, and that is through following the employee grievance process.On top of implementing a systematic grievance process, here are a few other things that you can do to ensure grievances of employees are properly managed and resolved.Find a permanent solution.Solve, do not troubleshoot. Your goal should be to come up with a solution that will, as much as possible, put the grievance brought by the employee to rest, rather than provide a temporary fix. A temporary fix is no solution at all, since the problem is bound to come up again, probably on a bigger scale, since the root cause is still there.Therefore, your goal should be to eliminate the root cause of the problem. Remove the reason for the employee’s complaint.Listen, and listen well.Remember, all gri evances put forth by employees must be heard and listened to. Even if they do not seem plausible at first, and even if they are brought up in very casual conversations, as if in passing. A complaint is a complaint, and it denotes dissatisfaction of an employee. No one wants a dissatisfied and frustrated employee.It is important for people who are in charge of carrying out the grievance process to be good listeners. This is the first step toward finding a resolution to the grievance. By listening, you are also encouraging the employee to be more confident in resolving his complaint. If the employee feels that he is simply being patronized and that he is not being taken seriously, he might take his complaint outside the company, resulting in litigation that will prove to be far more tedious, costly, and damaging to the company and its reputation.One mistake that you should avoid is to treat the employee with hostility and be wholly unwelcome about the fact that he is taking his concer ns forward. Three possible outcomes can be expected from this scenario. The first may involve the employee cowering and slinking away with his complaints. He may even start to feel guilty about trying to air his complaints, and he will feel guarded around others. You will then find him still working, but with dissatisfaction that continuously eats away at him, eventually affecting his job performance and productivity.The second possible outcome involves the courts, with the employee taking legal action against his employers if it is a violation that is against labor law. Finally, the employee can look for a different company to work for and you will have to restart the hiring process to look for a replacement.Clearly, we know what choice the company will prefer. It’s bad rep if your business is suddenly painted as a company that is so problematic its own employees are taking it to court in a legal battle.Respond quickly.This pertains to how swift and decisive the action will be on ce the grievance has been received. Some companies may take their time and drag their feet, probably hoping that the passage of time will eventually convince the employee to just forget about his complaint and give it up. But this approach may backfire, and the employee may add another complaint to the list, and that is on the slow progress in the handling of his grievance.Grievance proceedings should not be allowed to go on for months. Think about all the work that will be affected in the interim. Most likely, the employee will not be able to perform at his peak when it comes to his assigned tasks because a huge chunk of his attention is occupied by the question on when his concerns will be tackled by the grievance committee.In the same vein, as discussed earlier, once a decision has been arrived at, communicating the decision to the employee should also be done quickly. Do not put it off for later.Keep an open mind.This is in line with acknowledging that a grievance exists, even i f you are still in the process of determining whether it is valid or not. By showing skepticism and doubt, you are also showing that you already have prejudged the situation. This means that your objectivity will be shot, and the decision may not be as unbiased as you will later represent it to be.Being antagonistic and hostile is also counterproductive. Anyone tasked to handle employee grievance must maintain a degree of independence from their employer. Throughout the whole process, you should keep an open mind and get all the facts before arriving at conclusions and making decisions. Leave all your prejudices outside the door whenever you are sitting down to investigate the facts.Come up with alternative courses of actions.It is not enough to come up with a single course of action to resolve the issue. As much as possible, identify other options, just so you will have alternatives in the event that the first course of action will not be acceptable to the concerned parties. This i s so that you can cover all your bases and avoid wasting time in thinking of other solutions.If you already have a number of alternatives to choose from, the time to resolve the issue â€" as well as the costs and resources involved â€"will be cut down considerably.Keep all communication lines open.And not just during the investigation period. The employee should be able to connect and communicate with you and the other members of the grievance committee throughout the whole process, and even when it is over and the issue has been resolved, in case there are other things to follow up on.Be responsive whenever the employee reaches out to you. Schedule follow-up meetings when necessary, and ensure that the people involved are truly involved. Think of the grievance committee as one of the bridges that link employees to their employers, and if they are unable to communicate with the people in charge of handling grievances, then the essence of that “link” is gone.Document every step o f the grievance process.This is very important, not just as a matter of record or for future reference, but to be kept apprised and up to date on the progress of the process. A similar grievance may crop up in the future, and so you already have something to start on.The documentation will also come in handy when management decides to develop or improve its internal policies on personnel administration, worker and employee welfare, and similar management aspects and issues.Establish and implement good policies on handling employee grievance.Finally, the best thing that a company can do to handle employee grievances is to have a sound grievance machinery or system in place. This is to avoid complications in the future when employees file more complaints, because there is already a guide or a roadmap that can be followed by the grievance committee.This is also an indication of the acceptance of the company that there are bound to be grievances in the future, so the most logical thing to do is to be prepared for them. This preparedness actually puts the company in a good light, since it shows that they do pay attention to their employees, and they are making every effort to ensure that their people remain satisfied under their employ.Once these policies are established, it is even more important to see to it that they are fully and properly implemented. It will be a complete waste if perfectly sound grievance policies are there, but they are not used properly, so no problems are actually resolved. It goes without saying that post-implementation reviews must be conducted from time to time. The changing nature of the business landscape dictates that management must also ensure that policies are kept current and up to date.Handling employee grievance is perhaps one of the most undesirable aspects of human resource and business management. However, it plays a very crucial role in ensuring the smooth flow of operations and business processes in a company.All companies should aim for zero grievances from employees. In reality, however, this is too good to be true. What they can do is to handle these grievances smartly, swiftly and successfully, so that the normal operations of the business will not be disrupted, and the working environment remains harmonious.

Foreign Intervention in Latin America

One of the recurring themes in Latin American history is that of foreign intervention. Like Africa, India, and the Middle East, Latin America has a long history of meddling by foreign powers, all of them European and North American. These interventions have profoundly shaped the character and history of the region. The Conquest The conquest of the Americas is probably the greatest act of foreign intervention in history. Between 1492 and 1550 or so, when most native dominions were brought under foreign control, millions died, entire peoples and cultures were wiped out, and the wealth gained in the New World propelled Spain and Portugal into golden ages. Within 100 years of Columbus first voyage, most of the New World was under the heel of these two European powers. The Age of Piracy With Spain and Portugal flaunting their newfound wealth in Europe, other countries wanted to get in on the action. In particular, the English, French, and Dutch all tried to capture valuable Spanish colonies and loot for themselves. During times of war, pirates were given official license to attack foreign ships and rob them. These men were called privateers. The Age of Piracy left profound marks in the Caribbean and coastal ports all over the New World. French Intervention in Mexico After the disastrous â€Å"Reform War† of 1857 to 1861, Mexico could not afford to pay off its foreign debts. France, Britain, and Spain all sent forces to collect, but some frantic negotiating resulted in the British and Spanish recalling their troops. The French stayed, however, and captured Mexico City. The famous Battle of Puebla, remembered on May 5, took place at this time. The French found a nobleman, Maximilian of Austria, and made him Emperor of Mexico in 1863. In 1867, Mexican forces loyal to President Benito Juà ¡rez retook the city and executed Maximilian. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine In 1823, American President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine, warning Europe to stay out of the western hemisphere. Although the Monroe Doctrine did keep Europe at bay, it also opened the doors for American intervention in the business of its smaller neighbors. Due in part to the French intervention and also to a German incursion into Venezuela in 1901 and 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt took the Monroe doctrine one step further. He reiterated the warning to European powers to keep out, but also said that the U.S. would be responsible for all of Latin America. This frequently resulted in the U.S. sending troops to countries that could not afford to pay their debts, such as Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Nicaragua, all of which were at least partially occupied between 1906 and 1934. Halting the Spread of Communism Gripped by fear of spreading communism after World War II, the U.S. would often intervene in Latin America in favor of conservative dictators. One famous example took place in Guatemala in 1954, when the CIA ousted leftist president Jacobo Arbenz from power for threatening to nationalize some lands held by the United Fruit Company, which was owned by Americans. Among numerous other examples, the CIA later attempted to assassinate Cuban communist leader Fidel Castro in addition to mounting the infamous Bay of Pigs invasion. The U.S. and Haiti The U.S. and Haiti have a complicated relationship dating back to the time both were colonies of England and France, respectively. Haiti has always been a troubled nation, vulnerable to manipulation by the powerful country not far to the north. From 1915 to 1934, the U.S. occupied Haiti, fearing political unrest. The U.S. has sent forces into Haiti as recently as 2004, ostensibly to stabilize the volatile nation after a contested election. Lately, the relationship has improved, with the U.S. sending humanitarian aid to Haiti after the destructive 2010 earthquake. Foreign Intervention in Latin America Today Times may have changed, but foreign powers are still very active in meddling in the affairs of Latin America. France still colonizes mainland South America (French Guiana) and, the U.S. and U.K. still control islands in the Caribbean. Many people believed that the CIA was actively trying to undermine the government of Hugo Chà ¡vez in Venezuela; Chà ¡vez himself certainly thought so. Latin Americans resent being bullied by foreign powers. It is their defiance of U.S. hegemony that has made folk heroes out of Chà ¡vez and Castro. However, unless Latin America gains considerable economic, political, and military might, circumstances are unlikely to change very much in the short term.

Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1960 to 1964

This civil rights movement timeline chronicles important dates during the struggles second chapter, the early 1960s. While the fight for racial equality began in the 1950s, the non-violent techniques the movement embraced began to pay off during the following decade. Civil rights activists and students across the South challenged segregation, and the relatively new technology of television allowed Americans to witness the often brutal response to these protests. President Lyndon B. Johnson  successfully pushed through the historic Civil Rights Act of 1964, and a number of other groundbreaking events unfolded  between 1960 and 1964, the span covered by this timeline, leading up the tumultuous time of 1965 to 1969. 1960 Civil Rights Sit-In at John A Brown Company. Oklahoma Historical Society / Getty Images On Feb. 1, four young African American men, students at North Carolina Agriculture and Technical College, go to a Woolworth in Greensboro, N.C., and sit down at a whites-only lunch counter. They order coffee. Despite being denied service, they sit silently and politely at the lunch counter until closing time. Their action marks the start of the Greensboro sit-ins, which sparks similar protests all over the South.On April 15, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee holds its first meeting.On July 25, the downtown Greensboro Woolworth desegregates its lunch counter after six months of sit-ins.On Oct. 19, Martin Luther King Jr.  joins a student sit-in at a whites-only restaurant inside of an Atlanta department store, Richs. He is arrested along with 51 other protesters on the charge of trespassing. On probation for driving without a valid Georgia license (he had an Alabama license), a Dekalb County judge sentences King to four months in prison doing hard labor. Presidential con tender John F. Kennedy phones Kings wife, Coretta, to offer encouragement, while the candidates brother, Robert Kennedy, convinces the judge to release King on bail. This phone call convinces many African Americans to support the Democratic ticket.On Dec. 5, the Supreme Court hands down a 7-2 decision in the Boynton v. Virginia case, ruling that segregation on vehicles traveling between states is unlawful because it violates the Interstate Commerce Act. 1961 Policemen await to arrest Freedom Riders. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images On May 4, the Freedom Riders, composed of seven African American and six white activists, leave Washington, D.C., for the rigidly segregated Deep South. Organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), their goal is to test Boynton v. Virginia.On May 14, Freedom Riders, now traveling in two separate groups, are attacked outside Anniston, Ala. and in Birmingham, Ala. A mob throws a firebomb onto the bus in which the group near Anniston is riding. Members of the Ku Klux Klan attack the second group in Birmingham after making an arrangement with the local police to allow them 15 minutes alone with the bus.On May 15, the Birmingham group of Freedom Riders is prepared to continue their trip down south, but no bus will agree to take them. They fly to New Orleans instead.On May 17, a new group of young activists join two of the original Freedom Riders to complete the trip. They are placed under arrest in Montgomery, Ala.On May 29, President Kennedy announces that he has ordered the Inte rstate Commerce Commission to enact stricter regulations and fines for buses and facilities that refuse to integrate. Young white and black activists continue to make Freedom Rides.In November, civil rights activists participate in a series of protests, marches, and meetings in Albany, Ga., that come to be known as the Albany Movement.In December, King comes to Albany and joins the protesters, staying in Albany for another nine months. 1962 James Meredith Registering at the University of Mississippi. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images On Aug. 10, King announces that he is leaving Albany. The Albany Movement is considered a failure in terms of effecting change, but what King learns in Albany allows him to be successful in Birmingham.On Sept. 10, the Supreme Court rules that the University of Mississippi must admit African American student and veteran James Meredith.On Sept. 26, the governor of Mississippi, Ross Barnett, orders state troopers to prevent Meredith from entering Ole Misss campus.Between Sept. 30 and Oct. 1, riots erupt over Merediths enrollment at the University of Mississippi, or Ole Miss.On Oct. 1, Meredith becomes the first African American student at Ole Miss after President Kennedy orders U.S. marshals to Mississippi to ensure his safety. 1963 Bettmann Archive / Getty Images King, SNCC and the  Southern Christian Leadership Conference  (SCLC) organize a series of 1963 civil rights demonstrations and protests to challenge segregation in Birmingham.On April 12, Birmingham police arrest King for demonstrating without a city permit.On April 16, King writes his famous Letter from a Birmingham Jail in which he responds to eight white Alabama ministers who urged him to end the protests and be patient with the judicial process of overturning segregation.On June 11, President Kennedy delivers a speech on civil rights from the Oval Office, specifically explaining why he sent the National Guard to allow the admittance of two African American students into the University of Alabama.On June 12, Byron De La Beckwith assassinates  Medgar Evers, the first field secretary for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in Mississippi.On Aug. 18, James Meredith graduates from Ole Miss.On Aug. 28, the  March on Washington for Jobs and Fre edom  is held in D.C. Around 250,000 people participate, and King delivers his legendary  I Have a Dream speech.On Sept. 15, the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham is bombed. Four young girls are killed.On Nov. 22,  Kennedy is assassinated, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, uses the nations anger to push through civil rights legislation in Kennedys memory. 1964 President Lyndon Johnson Signs Civil Rights Act. PhotoQuest / Getty Images On March 12,  Malcolm X  leaves the Nation of Islam. Among his reasons for the break is Elijah Muhammads ban on protesting for Nation of Islam adherents.Between June and August, SNCC organizes a voter registration drive in Mississippi known as Freedom Summer.On June 21,  three Freedom Summer workers--Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, and Andrew Goodman--disappear.On Aug. 4, the bodies of Schwerner, Chaney, and Goodman are found in a dam. All three had been shot, and the African American activist, Chaney, had also been badly beaten.On June 24, Malcolm X  founds  the Organization of Afro-American Unity along with John Henrik Clarke. Its aim is to unite all Americans of African descent against discrimination.On July 2, Congress passes the  Civil Rights Act of 1964, which bans discrimination in employment and public places.In July and August, riots break out in Harlem and Rochester, N.Y.On Aug. 27, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDM), which formed to challenge the segregated state Democratic Party, sends a delegation to the  National Democratic Convention in Atlantic City, N.J.  They ask to represent Mississippi at the convention.  Activist Fannie Lou Hamer, spoke publicly and her speech was broadcast nationally by media outlets.  Offered two nonvoting seats at the  convention, in turn, the MFDM delegates reject the proposal. Yet all was not lost. By the 1968 election, a clause was adopted requiring equal representation from all state delegations.On Dec. 10, the Nobel Foundation awards King the  Nobel Peace Prize. Updated by African-American History Expert, Femi Lewis.

Canopic Stopper of King Tut Free Essays

It is very useful for those, who study history, archeology or other related subject, to support their knowledge and understanding with some visual materials. In such cases, visiting some geographical territories of historical events, or archeological museum, or an exhibition of antique arts would be perfect help for better picturing of realistic details and environment of ancient times. The exhibition of the treasures of Egyptian King Tut, which were revealed during the discovery of his Tomb in the beginning of XX century, is a perfect example of visual support for those, who are interested in history and culture of Ancient Egypt. We will write a custom essay sample on Canopic Stopper of King Tut or any similar topic only for you Order Now A lot of different statuettes, busts, vases, elements of decorations, etc. from those times were presented at the exhibition in Los Angeles County Museum of Arts. But I was especially fascinated with a little bust from the canopic chest of King Tut, made of delicately patterned transparent calcite. This elegant bust reproduces King Tut himself wearing the nemes head-dress. The creators of it used subtle black and red paints to underline facial details of good-looking Egyptian king: his big eyes, eyebrows and lips, demonstrating feminized nature of this person. Traditionally, the face of King Tut is presented with decorations of protective cobra and vulture, appearing from his head-dress. This small statuette is typical exemplar of Egyptian ancient art, which is characterized with features of early frontalism: every picture (in painting) or figure (in sculpture) was presented in rigid and formal posture. This bust was found in a shrine of King Tut, on a magnificent canopic chest made of alabaster and gorgeously decorated with golden staples. There were, actually, four of such busts, which were located in every corner of the chest and served as stoppers. These stoppers were sealing four compartments of the chest, in which four miniature anthropomorphic coffins, containing mummified inner organs of the king, were stored. King Tut (Tutankhamen) is one of the most known and recognizable pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. He was the Ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egyptian Kings, who started his reign in the age of 9 and died at the age of 19. Certainly, he ruled under supervision and control of his adult advisers: in particular, his vizier and future successor Ay. The main social reconstruction, made by King Tut, is conversion of heretical Atenism, launched by his predecessor King Akhenaton, to previous traditional ancient Egyptian religion. Causes of his death still remain unknown, and there are some suggestions on this issue. Some specialists consider him to be murdered; the others consider his death to be accidental. After watching this sculpture of young pharaoh for some long period of time, first of all, I started paying more attention on its divine material. This transparent calcite is called Egyptian alabaster, which was, probably, enriched with some phosphoric materials. That is why the bust looks so lucid and shining, as if time did not touch it at all. I noticed that in this magic shining the representation of King Tut looked exceptionally graciously, and he seemed to me to be very calm and friendly as a person. The more I watched, the more I could realize, how different it is to see figures and statues in real dimensions, not as reproductions in the books. This way so many details, like features of the face, head position, profile line, vivid natural colors, and so on, can be better observed and considered. There is no printed picture, which can properly show the light, color, shape or delicacy of ancient artworks. So, if we want to receive some good idea about such treasures, we have to see them live. That is why such exhibitions are extremely popular and always crowded. There are many known representations and images of King Tut, which remained from ancient times. Recently the revolutionary event took place, when the team of Egyptian, American and French specialists managed to receive a new facial image of Tutankhamen. It was presented in three-dimensional CT scans of the Pharaoh’s skull, but the only uncertainty was left, which is the tone of King Tut’s skin. Of course, such researches are priceless. But, to my mind, there is no better imagination of a historical personage, than the one, which can be received from observing original artworks and genuine historical materials. After visiting this exhibition, I have formed my own clear picture of this Egyptian legendary king in my mind, which, I suppose, is not very different from his real appearance and character. Bibliography: â€Å"Canopic Stopper of King Tut.† King Tut. King Tut Exhibition, Los Angeles County Museum of Arts. 8 Nov. 2005 ;http://www.kingtut.org/gallery/Gold_57.htm;. â€Å"Tutankhamen.† Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia Online. 6 Nov. 2005. 8 Nov. 2005 ;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Tut;. ; How to cite Canopic Stopper of King Tut, Essay examples

Corporate Advances Accounting and Reporting

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Advances Accounting and Reporting. Answer: Introduction: In accounting, entries consisting of the for-profit as well as non-profit company include several types of assets. Such assets can be segmented in several sections and they can either be generated by or employed for everydays operational conducts of the organizations that are deemed current assets. Fixed assets are deemed to be the ones those can be employed for over many financial years. Other than the fixed and the current assets, ample organizations include several intellectual properties that include copyright assets, trademarks and many more (Fernandes et al. 2016). This also includes assets that have emerged from the acquisition of numerous organizations or from the popularity among the consumers along with brand and goodwill. Such assets can be directly employed for gaining more revenue that also facilitates the organizations to enhance the companys profit or revenue. Numerous assets those does not seem physical and are impossible to be gauged in units are considered as intang ible assets. Such assets are maintained in the books of the organization as per the sum append in order to purchase certain assets. Conversely, it has been noticed that along with the time that real value of the assets starts to decrease considerably. The accounting companies employs impairment at the time the real value along with decreased amount is presented along with impairment A/c. certain loss for this decrease in the asset value is deemed as impairment loss. The asset value alterations based on several factors and there exists certain common aspects those are applicable in numerous assets, however, certain factors results in decreasing the value of certain particular assets (Olante 2013). Vales of the tools, equipments and machineries rely on its uses and manufacturing capability. The more such assets are employed for the production the more it is likely that its upcoming production capability might decrease. However, because of the emergence of modern equipments and machineries, several older equipments and machineries decreases its high market value along with turning out to be obsolete. The land value gradually increases with time. It can also decrease because of the transformation of the locality importance, emergence of new cities, over population and changes in the public or political centers and so on. The patent rights along with the trademarks tend to decrease value after emergence of modern technology or alterations in consumer choices. Goodwill serves as additional value that is falsified while any organizational acquisition. At the time the value of the acquired assets reduces, the goodwill value in purchasing such assets also decreases considerably. In the recent era, the organizations need to signify the financial reports as per the stakeholder needs. Several stakeholders encompass distinct interest types in the organization. They evaluate the fiscal reports from numerous point-of-views. The accounting standards board along with the government signifies huge importance on the shareholders interest (Andrews 2012). For this reason, they desire that the organizations financial reports particularly of the listed organizations must represent fair and accurate values of liabilities and assets. An organization might have acquired expensive machinery before five years. In the recent era, the machinerys market value has turned out to be half of its areal cost because of emergence of modern machineries at low prices. Moreover, if an organization presents the cost price of certain machinery in financial report then it can indicate all assts at over-valued prices ad for this reason this cannot be able to reflect the organizations true and fair value. The stakeholders those are interested in valuation of assets of organization for investment that can consider it to be an efficient investment option. If the organizations does not indicate the assets fair value and for this reason the shareholders can take faulty decisions relied on over-valued financial statements. For gaining the stakeholders interest, the accounting standards boards has presented the impairment concept. The accounting standard and the government have offered clear instruction for asset impairment along with generating financial statements after introducing several accounting standards and government policies (Avallone and Quagli 2015). The impairment takes place at the time the assets carrying amount is increased than its recoverable amount. Carrying amount is recorded in the assts books of accounts. It can be explained as the assets regarding the amount of accounting. Such amount explains the asset cost that has been purchased and the asset value and depreciating it in consideration to suitable depreciation techniques. There are two types of recoverable amounts and an organization can select the asset fair value to be as recoverable amount after reducing the required expenses that is anticipated to be experienced by an asset. Another recoverable amount can be the value of assets. Value can be explained as the net cash flow that is anticipated to be collected from asset in upcoming years. If the two values are present in accordance to IAS 36, it is effective in choosing higher among the two values (Rennekamp et al. 2014). Considering IAS 36, impairment loss can be measured through reducing the asset recoverable amount from the asset-carrying amount. Impairment less is debited in accordance to the respective asset for reducing the asset book value and maintains the asset accounting amount has decreased value. Such impairment loss is adjusted with the P/L account along with income statement at the year-end and this is depicted as non-operating loss within income statement. If the organization sustains Revaluation Surplus A/c then the Impairment Loss A/c can be credited with Revaluation Surplus A/c, which directly decreases the overall shareholder equity amount. For an asset group that is generally considered as Cash Generating Units that encompass the goodwill generated from such assets acquisition, the impairment loss is not adjusted accordingly. It was gathered that the overall value of the CGU units requires being impaired and in such scenario, the impairment loss can be calculated as the aforementioned method (Komissarov et al. 2014). Moreover, it was adjusted along with the Goodwill A/c. If certain balance is left after adjusting with the goodwill, then the balance amount is aligned with CGU assets relied on the asset book value. References: Andrews, R.C., 2012.Impairment of assets: an empirical investigation(Doctoral dissertation, University of Hull). Avallone, F. and Quagli, A., 2015. Insight into the variables used to manage the goodwill impairment test under IAS 36.Advances in Accounting,31(1), pp.107-114. Chen, W., Shroff, P.K. and Zhang, I., 2014. Fair value accounting: consequences of booking market-driven goodwill impairment.29(2), pp.243-254. Fernandes, J.S.A., Gonalves, C., Guerreiro, C. and Pereira, L.N., 2016. Impairment losses: causes and impacts.Revista Brasileira de Gesto de Negcios,18(60), p.305. Huian, M., 2013. Stakeholders participation in the development of the new accounting rules regarding the impairment of financial assets.Business Management Dynamics,2(9), pp.23-35. Komissarov, S., Kastantin, J.T. and Rick, K., 2014. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: A Comparison under the ASC and IFRS.The CPA Journal,84(5), p.28. Olante, M.E., 2013. Overpaid acquisitions and goodwill impairment lossesEvidence from the US.Advances in Accounting,29(2), pp.243-254. Rennekamp, K., Rupar, K.K. and Seybert, N., 2014. Impaired judgment: The effects of asset impairment reversibility and cognitive dissonance on future investment.The Accounting Review,90(2), pp.739-759.

Free Online Courses to Improve Your Academic Writing Skills

The Babson Survey Research Group discovered in 2016 that every fourth university student chose to cover an online course while fewer and fewer higher educational representatives believe in the benefits of eLearning. These trends are quite ambivalent, and its hard to predict the future of online studying. But what we can say for sure is that while you have the opportunity to enrich your knowledge without leaving your home and paying fortunes, you should definitely use it. If your college provides you with special academic writing courses before overwhelming you with various assignments, you can consider yourself lucky. If it doesnt, you will have a hard time getting accustomed to the college standards that are way different from your high school level. But, of course, there is a way out of the situation enroll in a free online course on academic writing and improve your skills! This is a perfect variant for you because the lessons are very flexible (you study whenever you want) and you dont have to pay a dime for them. Given these benefits, weve prepared a list of some interesting examples that you can choose among to boost your academic writing skills. A Beginners Guide to Writing in English for University Study This course is aimed to enhance your grammar, knowledge of the essay structure and academic writing itself. It also promises to teach you how you can analyze and review your drafts to eliminate the majority of mistakes. Its perfect for international students who have come to an English-speaking country to obtain an education. However, native students can gain some useful info on the subject as well. Academic Literacy This is an important introductory course that will give you necessary fundamental skills for further academic development. It will train you how to critically read the literature, enrich the vocabulary relevant to research papers and tell you what academic grammar is. What is more, in the end, you will dig into text coherence and cohesion, informativity, intertextuality, etc. Academic and Business Writing Here you get the same basics of academic writing but also learn about it in comparison with other types of writing. So, instead of stuffing yourself with dry theory out of context, you will understand the main concepts of research better when it is placed with business writing. Besides, you will find out more not only about essays, term papers and dissertations but about written communication in the business sphere. Isnt that amazing? How to Write an Essay Given the fact that an essay is the most widespread paper type in academic writing, we recommend you covering this course separately to become more proficient in it. It focuses on developing a correct essay structure, applying the right grammar and proofreading your own works. You will be able to get to know how to construct topic sentences, paragraphs and other parts of the essay. Short Khan Academy Practical Courses We havent singled out separate courses here because there are too many compact lessons that you might want to cover depending on your level of skills. Here you can spot the analysis of real essays by the admissions, single-point classes on how to create an argument or develop evidence. You may also find video courses that explain complex issues illustrating them with easy examples. Browse the wide range of Khan Academy courses, and you will certainly come across your perfect match. Use these free online courses to boost your knowledge and skills. Additional efforts to improve academic writing will never hurt. So, start enrolling in one of the classes weve mentioned right now! In the case you want to explore samples of academic papers order them from the reliable service. This is your way to learn from the experts experience and improve a quality of your academic writing tasks.

Decisive Action Haiti essays

Decisive Action Haiti essays The flood of refugees and disorder of democracy in the island nation of Haiti created the great controversy of whether the United States (US) should intervene and restore order in the country. The US turned to its worldview of disengagement to provide guidance; the conclusion questioned if even a drop of American blood should be spilled to aid Haiti. The experience in Vietnam modified attitudes so that the US wouldnt be so quick to intervene militarily in foreign conflicts. In accordance with its worldviews, the US shouldnt have intervened in Haiti since the situation not only lacked a clear threat to the US, but also the substantial benefit and strong public support-reasons deeming intervention necessary and proper at the time. The wave of refugees was hardly a threat to the US; yet reasons, at the time, for intervening was more of a political than military necessity and Haiti was in a state of domestic turmoil. The US has undergone three worldviews since the 1920s-each offering valuable lessons and shaping the foreign policy of the era. Munich-Pearl Harbor, also known as antiappeasement, was a dramatic shift from isolationism, which developed after World War I. When adhering to the isolationism, the US eventually found itself amidst a terrible, but preventable, war. When the British and French attempted unsuccessfully to satisfy Hitlers territorial demands at the conference in Munich, the world learned that appeasement will not prevent war; thus Munich became associated with weakness. Japan drew the US into the war through the attack on Pearl Harbor, ending the isolationist attitude. Both Europe and the US learned that they must contain the spread of communism, even if it may seem insignificant, to possibly to prevent the ensuing war. However, the antiappeasement policy led the US to enter the Vietnam conflict, revealing the weaknesses of the Munich-Pearl Harbor worldview-the US would be led into costly conflic...

The Effect Of RMB Revalue To The Economy Of China Dissertation

The Effect Of RMB Revalue To The Economy Of China - Dissertation Example The expectation on appreciation of RMB was postponed during the global financial crisis. The appreciation of RMB will affect the aggregate demand through two canals. The appreciation will cause pressure on the supply of money. This will lead monetary expansion in cases where sterilized intervention is not sufficient. The aggregate demand and prices of the assets will get stimulated. The imbalances between demand and supply will increase because of the expectations associated with trade surplus and speculative inflows of capital. The monetary authorities will buy the excess supply of foreign exchange in the market in order to maintain stability in exchange rates. The growth in assets of foreign currency was much more than the growth of base money. The growth of foreign assets even crossed the rate of growth of broad money. This puts pressure on the monetary authorities to fasten down the monetary growth. The growth of money will be out of control if measures of sterilized intervention cannot keep up to the task. The growth of assets of foreign currency has dropped below the growth rate of broad money after the financial crisis. In the long run, the growth rate of broad money will settle in the usual level and short term capital will start to enter into the economy of China and this will again put the supply of money under pressure. But even if the monetary authorities are able to control the stable growth rate of money supply, then also the expectation for appreciation of RMB will stimulate the aggregate demand and prices of the assets will rise. Once the appreciation of RMB is expected, the expected returns on the assets that are risky will increase and price of these assets will take the steep rising path. The value of the collateral will...The politicians of U.S. are of the opinion that revaluation of the RMB will act as the solution in problems of trade deficit. But the reality is that the current trade deficit that U.S. has with China is mainly because of t he prevailing economic conditions in U.S. So the trade deficit that is affected by RMB is negligible (Hong Kong Industrialist, 2005/6, p. 15). Introduction The director of Peterson Institute for International Economics blamed the undervaluation of the currency of China for job losses in the country of United States. The director also drew a plan of action if China did not withdraw the control of currency and permit the renminbi (RMB) to gain strength. The central bank of China known as the People’s Bank of China allowed for some relaxation. The bank announced that will abandon the two year old peg. The peg has kept the RMB with the dollar (Yu, 2010, p. 2). It allowed RMB to respond according to the forces of the market. China will now begin to move into the regime of floating exchange rate. The regime will be a tight one which was in practice in the period between 2005 and 2008. The value of RMB will be the base on a basket of currencies within a narrow range (Wharton Univers ity of Pennsylvania, 2010). Method of Analysis In the method of analysis the previous researches will be taken into account and stress will be given on assessing the impact of the revaluation on the economy. The different effects namely the balance sheet effect and the economic effect will be taken into consideration.

Success and Excellence in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Success and Excellence in Business - Essay Example Among the most basic objectives of any business organization today is to at least achieve unity among its members. This is a very difficult endeavor especially now that diversity is not only recognized, but a reality that pervades every aspect of people’s lives. Latent characteristics such as race, gender, age, geographic, and even value differences make unity difficult, if not entirely remote. The urgency of achieving unity while, at the same time, recognizing diversity, is a challenge that was already recognized in Senge’s analysis of business organizations as being led by the â€Å"new leader†. In his analysis, he showed how they should adapt to the systems thinking model to achieve unity. Focus was given to organizational unity because it is through unity that the organization achieves order, and with order comes efficient and effective operations—both in production and human resource management.The new leader in the contemporary business organization must first recognize the presence of diversity. It is through recognition that the leader can get a better and more holistic â€Å"picture† of the organization’s nature and dynamics. This means that new leaders must ‘see interrelationships, not things, and processes, not snapshots†. This description is expressive of the nature in which managers have always assessed their organizations: objective, segmented, and too much attention to detail. While these aspects are also important in implementing business.... imulating creativeness in the organization's human resource; (4) observing humane and proper business practices; and (5) running the business for the sake of society's development and progress. Among the most basic objectives of any business organization today is to at least achieve unity among its members. This is a very difficult endeavor especially now that diversity is not only recognized, but a reality that pervades every aspect of people's lives. Latent characteristics such as race, gender, age, geographic, and even value differences make unity difficult, if not entirely remote. The urgency of achieving unity while, at the same time, recognizing diversity, is a challenge that was already recognized in Senge's (1990) analysis of business organizations as being led by the "new leader" (manager). In his analysis, he showed how 'new leaders' should adapt to the systems thinking model to achieve unity. Focus was given to organizational unity because it is through unity that the organization achieves order, and with order comes efficient and effective operations-both in production and human resource management. The new leader in the contemporary business organization must first recognize the presence of diversity. It is through recognition that the leader can get a better and more holistic "picture" of the organization's nature and dynamics. This means that new leaders must 'see interrelationships, not things, and processes, not snapshots" (15). This description is expressive of the nature in which managers have always assessed their organizations: objective, segmented, and too much attention to detail. While these aspects are also important in implementing business, particularly in the organization's operations, it is important for managers to have a strong

Tao Of Pooh And Application Life And Therapy Philosophy Essay

Tao Of Pooh And Application Life And Therapy Philosophy Essay This paper discusses how the book the Tao Of Pooh by Benjamin Hoff relates the concept of Taoism to the characters from the Winnie The Pooh by A A Milne and their application to life and therapy. In The Tao of Pooh, Benjamin Hoff utilizes characters from Winnie the Pooh to attempt to explain the fundamentals of Taoism. By observing Eeyore, Piglet, Rabbit, Owl, Tigger, and Pooh, it is easy to see that the actions of the character Pooh best describe Taoism. One of the most important principles of Taoism used in the book is the uncarved block. Hoff uses the characters from A A Milnes Winnie the Pooh books to illustrate and explain the basics of Taoist philosophy, showing how Pooh himself is the epitome of the Taoist thinker, enjoying life with simplicity but not stupidity. The author explains that Taoists try to appreciate, learn from, and work with whatever happens in life, whereas, in contrast, Confucianism attempts to impose order, and Buddhists see lifes tribulations as obstacles to be overcome before achieving Nirvana. He describes how Tao is the Way, which can be understood but not defined, and illustrates key elements of Tao such as Pu, the uncarved block, and Wu wei, goi ng with the flow. In case you should think that this book is altogether too simplistic, I should add that Hoff touches on the writings of Lao-Tzu (author of the Tao Te Ching), Chuang-tse, the poet Li Po, and other Taoist philosophers, giving his own interpretations of the passages. Hoff shows how Pooh best explains the Uncarved Block. The principle of the Uncarved Block is that things that are simple contain their own natural power, power that can be spoiled and lost when overcomplicated. Using the characters he shows how our lives can be sabotaged by errors in thinking and how it can be prevented. Hoff uses Rabbit to show when you are racing through life you can miss out on the valuable things that make up life itself. We seem to jeopardize ourselves by thinking too much of the self. Owl is used to show that when trying to find underlying meaning for everything you overcomplicate it. Hoff uses Piglet in the sense that Piglet is always scared and as a result scared to try things, if Piglet wouldnt dwell in worry, he would accomplish more, and find happiness .Sometimes staying less in your head is an advantage. Hoff goes on to show that the character of Eeyore is always depressed and dwells in negativity. If he abstained from this life would be completely different. Now finally we come to Pooh. The author exemplifies how Pooh doesnt stay in worry, nor is he over-analytical, he stays in the spontaneous. As a result of staying in the way he finds everything goes its own course and works out as a result of his non-action. Pooh goes with the flow of nature and doesnt interfere. He leads a life of simplicity and one free of worry. This is a perfect reflection of someone who follows the Tao. I think this is more or less a basic explanation of Tao and how to apply it to our lives by modeling out behavior in a likewise manner. There arent any obscure references here only face value application. The use of the cartoon characters that we all are familiar with is a very u seful strategy. It is a way of explanation that transcends all racial, sexual, gender barriers. For example, we wont try too hard or explain too much, because that would only Confuse things, and because it would leave the impression that it was all only an intellectual idea that could be left on the intellectual level and ignored. (p. 10) He uses each chapter of the book to teach a new principle of the Uncarved Block of Taoism. In each chapter he tells a Winnie the Pooh story and then explains how it relates to Taoism. Hoff writes a chapter teaching how cleverness does not always help, but it sometimes destroys things and is the reason that things do not work out. Hoff teaches that the Taoist believe that if you understand Inner Nature it is far more effective than knowledge or cleverness. He uses a poem called Cottleston Pie. The poem explains how things just are as they are and how people try to violate these principles with their everyday lives. There is also the story of Tigger and Roo. Tigger tries to be what he is not and as a result everything goes wrong and he always ends up getting stuck in a tree. Hoff also explains that working with Nature is best in the sense that you do not screw things up with a story about Eeyore getting stuck in the river. Everybody had been trying to think of clever ways to get Eeyore out of the river when Pooh said that if they just dropped a big stone into it, then it would just wash Eeyore ashore. He did it without even thinking, because thinking would complicate things, and of course it worked. Pooh worked with Nature and things worked out for him. As you can see, Hoff uses many different Winnie the Pooh stories to teach the uncomplicated ways of the Taoist. The only argument that Hoff really presents is whether or not the Taoist way is the best way and whether or not it really works. When you look at it from the point of Pooh and the stories he is a part of, you are able to see how easily the Taoist ideology fits snuggly into Pooh and his world. Obviously if you do not believe that cleverness and knowledge are not important, then you will not agree with anything Hoff is saying, but he makes you believe in showing you how it always works out with Pooh. He argues whether or not cleverness and knowledge really are important. For example, it can be explained in the story when Eeyore gets stuck in the river. Clever ways do not work, but Poohs simple way always seem to work surprisingly well. Hoff also argues how the Taoist believes that over exhausting ourselves needlessly only works against us. He uses Rabbit to explain this. Quite simply, Rabbit is always in a hurry, he is the very face of stress itself. Hoff explains these so called creatures like a shadow. Shadows are always rushing along. They are also always trying to lose their shadows. They try to run from them not realizing that they cannot, that they are one and the same. Hoff argues that by just sitting down and enjoying a nice sunny day, like Pooh would do, you can complicate things. You do not get the full fulfillment of your life. There is the argument that this is just using examples to match the conclusions that we have already come to. I believe however, that one cannot free himself of the weight of our foolish ways until we have exposed that fallacy and this is a vehicle to do that without feeling condescended by an authority figure that many associate with other comparative theories. Case and point Hoffs adaption of Winnie the Pooh to Taoist philosophy is brilliant and yet never strays from its humility. Through this I can now see how the field of psychology, is a chaotic discipline much more suited to the Taoist approach of going with the flow-the Wu wei, then against it. In Hoffs description of A A Milnes characters I was able to see myself trying to be like the Owl, while actually being a combination of the Rabbit and the pessimistic Eeyor e. Hoff has shown me how the ideal is to be a simple character such as Pooh himself, accepting life, work, and other people as they are rather than trying to impose order on them. I now seek to accept and move with events as they occur, preferring not to try to impose change nor viewing changes it as an obstacle to be overcome. It all comes down to acceptance and will. When you yield to the flow you find that it goes along with the grain of your life instead of against it. This approach spills over into every aspect of life, keeping them simple, letting nature direct the flow as it were.

African American Religion Essay

Before Africans were brought to America during the slave trade, they had their own culture and society. They had their own language and dance. They also had their own religion. History tells us that the Europeans justified their abuse toward the Africans as helping them become more civilized because the Africans lifestyle appeared primal to them and not as developed and industrialized as theirs. What is often overlooked is that even though Africans were taken from Africa and Americanized and have been stripped of their religion, culture, language and even their name, the very essence of the African as a people did not go away. Some African American slaves rejected Christianity’s religion because they saw it as the â€Å"white man’s religion†. History tells us American Slave Masters abused the Africans by whipping them like animals and by treating them inhumane. The fact that these slave masters wanted the African American to worship their god was unacceptable for some because they could not fathom why they should worship a god who allowed people to be so badly treated. Some Africans accepted Christianity’s religion and faith by identifying with Jesus Christ, the son of God who according to the Bible was innocent of sin and yet he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the world. Some African Americans wanted to remain faithful to their heritage yet did not agree with the conjure practices. Seth Holly’s character is a good example of conforming to the economic prosperity of America which was founded by Christians. White Christians enforced Christian beliefs, values, and some practices based on the Euro American Christian interpretation of Christian text. Seth developed a kind of hatred for his own people proving that he has adopted the practices of white America in the early 1900s. â€Å"Niggers coming up here from that old backwoods†¦ coming up here from the country carrying Bibles and guitars looking for freedom. † Seth says. â€Å"They got a rude awakening† (6). Seth signifies the African American who resents assimilation to the white American culture. But, at the same time, he too attempts to connect with his heritage by simply allowing Bynum to live in his home and bless it with his conjures rituals. Seth also participates in an African dance ritual called the Juba. Bynum’s character is introduced by practicing conjure rituals. He cuts open pigeons and spreads its blood onto him as a type of cleansing to communicate with spirits. Bynum represents the African American who chose to remain faithful to the religion of his heritage. Others who have chosen the faith of Christianity view conjure rituals as evil, witchcraft, or demonic. Some African Americans wanted to remain faithful to their heritage yet did not agree with conjure practices anymore. Loomis walks in on the juba dance and goes into a trance after dinner at the boarding house. He had a vision of skeletons emerge from a body of water. â€Å"Loomis: I done seen bones rise up out the water. Rise up and walk across the water. Bones walking on top of the water† (53). Loomis recognizes through the vision, his state of ignorance to the knowledge that will lead him to the new way of thinking. Bynum serves as a supporting character reacting to Loomis’s trance. â€Å"Bynum: They walking around here now. Mens. Just like you and me. Come right up out the water† (56). Loomis’s trance and Bynum’s interpretation of it is a turning point in the story. The skeletons coming from the bottom of the sea in Loomis’s vision represent the slave ships, the disorientation experienced by the slaves during emancipation, and the confusion of his release from Joe Turner. Both Loomis and Bynum have tapped into their ancestral religion. The difference between the two is that Bynum represents the African who never renounced his religion and Loomis is the African-American who turned from conjure religion and converted to the faith of Christianity. After Joe turner took his life away from him, Loomis questioned his Christian faith and his identity. By walking in on the ancestral ritual of the Juba dance, Loomis literally walked into what he had actually been looking for, his religion, consequently, his ancestral identity and this is why he fell into the trance. Throughout the play conjures is encompasses four generations; Bynum’s father, Bynum, Loomis, and the neighbor boy Reuben. Reuben’s vision is of Seth’s mother by the pigeon coop, she encourages Reuben to release the caged pigeons. Wilson writes in a way that leads the reader to believe that Loomis needs to find his missing wife. Martha Pentecost is not the one who was lost; Loomis was the one who was lost, wondering around from town to town, searching. Loomis came into the state of belief when Bynum helped him translate his vision. That vision represented Loomis going back to his ancestral conjure religion. Loomis needed to find Martha Pentecost simply to say good-bye to her and their life former together. Up until this point of the story, I believed that Loomis needed to find his wife so they could live out the rest of their lives as a happy free family with their daughter. However, it is made pretty obvious this was never Loomis’s intentions. â€Å"That goodbye kept me out on the road searching,† Loomis says, â€Å"now that I see your face I can say my goodbye and make my own world† (90). Martha Pentecost, a woman of Christian faith, represents the African who assimilated into white America’s culture and Loomis needed to find her to say good-bye to her and the Christian faith. Martha stands by her Christian faith by accusing Loomis â€Å"you done gone over to the devil† (91). White man’s religion believed that conjure was evil or the way of the devil. Loomis finds it easier to reject her for her Christian beliefs. â€Å"Loomis: Great big old white man†¦your Mr. Jesus Christ. Standing there with a whip in one hand and a tote board in another, them niggers swimming in a sea of cotton† (92). Loomis proves with his statement, his version of a bible story that differed from other African Americans but was similar to that of the white man who believed that they were on a level below God and the African’s were beneath them, African’s were one third of a person. Loomis now believes that if African’s are going to be free then they have to take charge of their own destiny. Martha Pentecost represents the African American’s religion, she identifies that Loomis needs to â€Å"be washed in the blood of the lamb† (92) and â€Å"you done gone over to the devil. (91) Through class lessons I learned that African American slaves compared themselves with stories in the bible to instill hope of a life free from oppression, violence, and bondage. Jesus according to the bible was innocent of sin and yet he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the world. The hope of reigning in heave with Jesus is considered the ultimate reward for suffering life’s trials and tribulations. It is the faith of the African Americans who accepted Christianity religion. Blacks trusted in the Lord instead of man. America was Egypt in the exodus story and as long as the enslaving and oppressing took place America would face the same wrath as Egypt. â€Å"Stand still and see the salvation of the Lord. † The bible was depended on in justifying and motivation rebellion for the blacks and used as a tool to keep blacks enslaved by the whites. African Americans used sermons, song, and prayer to convey and teach their message of travail and triumph of Israel. Some African Americans could not get past the treatment from the white people that called themselves Christians and as a result they rejected Christianity. Selig’s role suggests that the link between characters is the acquisition of material goods. Selig admits that his ancestors have always made their living pursuing African Americas; his great grandfather transported slaves from Africa, his father captured runaway slaves and returned them to their masters for a reward, and Selig locates displaced people for a fee. Selig attains his ecstasy through consumer capitalism, through the selling of material goods. African Americans are objects for exploitation and exchange in the new economy. He binds African Americans to the economic system, demanding payment of his services and products which necessitates subsistence labor by taking them from one construction site or work site to another, similar to a temporary employment agency today. You pay for an employee to work for some time, but Selig is getting paid by the person looking for work or a ride to a chance of freedom. Selig cannot find a person that has not purchased a dustpan from him because he keeps the names of his customers. Seth is determined to achieve material success, he has very little patience for African Americans migrating north looking for the same prosperity that he desires. Seth is very demanding of his patrons, insisting on advance payment in full, and is preoccupied with maintaining a respectable house. â€Å"It’s hard enough now without all that ignorant kind of acting. Ever since slavery got over with there ain’t been nothing but foolish-acting niggers. Word get out they need men to work in the mill and put in these roads†¦ and niggers drop everything and head north looking for freedom. †(5, 6) Seth wants to blend in with the white man’s world; therefore he keeps a link with Selig by negotiating the manufacturing and sale of dustpans. Seth does not have any idea of what it would be like to be a slave, as he was born free in the North and was educated. He demonstrates his education with his math calculation when dealing with the boarding house patrons and the quick notation of him letting Selig know that he is trying to overcharge him for the dust pan materials. Educational differences played a role in tension with Southern blacks, most of who were forbidden from learning to read, saw religion as a matter of oral tradition and immediate experience and emotion. Northerner blacks, stressed that one could not truly be Christian unless they was able to read the Bible and understand it. This play denies individual worth and identity for some of Wilson’s characters. To be defrauded of the products of one’s labor or to see that creation diminished, like with Jeremy and the guitar contest, is to be denied a reflection of individual worth and identity. If people have been separated from this truth of individual worth and identity through oppression their capacity to bond with one another, form friendships, or couples, families are undermined. Social alienation in Wilson’s characters are expressed in their stores of broken relationships, uncertainty, or suspicion that they feel toward one another. â€Å"Seth: Something ain’t setting right with that fellow, Bynum. He’s one of them mean-looking niggers look like he done killed somebody gambling over a quarter. †(20) Connection between oppression, alienation from self and inability to form bonds with others is displayed in the character of Loomis. Joe Turner’s ability to oppress Loomis carried a judgment of non-worth. â€Å"Loomis: He told me I was worthless. Worthless is something you throw away. Something you don’t bother with† (73) Turners judgment of worthlessness forced Loomis to accept the reality of the white man’s power; he was marked as â€Å"one of Joe Turners niggers and forced to forget his song. †(71) Being alienated from himself and displaced with his relation to the world, Loomis is unable to establish bonds with people around him. The oppression encountered by Wilson’s characters is material or economic, that oppression is spiritual as well in the capacity to deprive the individual of a sense of himself or his unique song. The reawakening of Loomis after his encounter with cultural wisdom is not the self discovery of an average African American but creation of a new source of cultural wisdom, a new African holy man. Wilson uses many metaphors throughout the play. The song is a metaphor for Loomis’s identity and the African American cultural identity. Music is a large part of African American identity, so it makes since that in search of one’s identity they are searching for their song. The boarding house serves as an inn for traveling folk, but the tenants actually receive a form of healing during their stay. Tenants get direction and guidance from Bertha and Bynum. The shiny man that Bynum is in search for signifies African American independence. The man that Bynum met on the road was an independent African American, just as Loomis was freed by his past when he cleansed himself in his own blood. â€Å"Bynum: Herald Loomis, you shining! You shining like new money! †(94) Loomis has dismissed that the blood of Christ can wash away his sins and make him the man he used to be, but by washing himself in his own blood he has sacrificed the old life to begin his new journey on his terms. Bynum’s shining man has been found, meaning his work is complete; he has passed his powers on to the next generation, Loomis. â€Å"They tell me Joe Turner’s come and Gone† is a song that is sung by Bynum, when I first read the story I thought that the meaning was came and now he is dead however, the second time I read the play I realized that it meant that Joe Turner has come and snatched the men and now he is now gone. August Wilson uses symbolism in the play as a very important part in conveying the meaning of the story. Wilson’s use of symbolism is demonstrated through Mr. Wilson’s use of the road, Martha Pentecost, and Herald Loomis. Symbolic importance is give to the word freedom. The word freedom has instilled hope into the lives of African Americans: during slavery, hope for the release from bondage; after emancipation, the right to be educated, employed, and to move about freely; twentieth century, social, political, and economic justice. Freedom has always stood for the absence of any restraint, because God made all men from his image. There are a number of characters that travel around searching for their place in the world. Mattie, mentions that she keeps on looking, seems like she just keeps starting over, I ain’t never found no place for me to fit. † (76) Reuben tells Zonia, when he finds out that she is leaving the boarding house in search of her mom, â€Å"when I get grown, I come looking for you. †(84) Jeremy does not seem to care much when he loses his job because, â€Å"don’t make me no difference. There’s a big road out there, I can always get my guitar and find me a place to stay. I ain’t planning on staying in one place for too long noway. † (64) Martha & Reverend Tolliver moved the Church up north because of the trouble the church was having. When the Civil War finally brought freedom to previously enslaved African Americans, the task of organizing religious communities was only one element of the larger need to create new lives, to reunite families, to find jobs, and to figure out what it would mean to live in the United States as citizens rather than property. August Wilson’s play, Joe Turner’s come and Gone, examines African Americans search for their cultural identity following slavery. Bibliography Murphy, L. G. (2000). Down By the Riverside. New York: New Yourk University Press. Wilson, A. (1988). Joe Turner’ Come and Gone. New York: Penguin Group.