Intent as a dichotomic agent between folk psychology and identity theory :: essays research papers

The framework of choice for the contemporary philosophers of principal is physicalism, a site that integrates the study of mind within the &8216scientific&8217 human knowledge regulated by the laws of matter and energy. In this paper, I will try arguments that support the repulsion between two different theories of mind, namely mind-brain identity opening (IT) and folk psychology (FP) on logical grounds. The first part of the probe will familiarize the reader with the basic concepts, definitions and some of the key arguments employed by IT and FP. Let us begin with a summary about identity theory. Simply commit this theory holds that states and processes of the mind are identical to states and processes of the brain. To make use of an example, our experience of pain it is exactly reflected by a corresponding neurological state in the brain, i.e. C-fibres firing. From this point of view, the mind is the brain &8211 they are identical. However, this identity is only contingent, i.e. its confirmation relies upon ulterior scientifical advancements. There are two types of identity theories type-identity theory and token-identity theory. The later is only when a moderate derivation of the former, by proposing a not so radical claim, i.e. that supports the identity of cross instances (tokens) of psychic states (e.g. a particular pain ) with letter writer particular brain states. Type-identity theory on the other hand, assumes a stronger position of strict identity, i.e. that pain as a type of affable state, is identical with a particular brain state. In this paper I refer to identity theory as type-identity theory (IT). The initiator of this theory was U.T. Place, and his sophisticated essay &8220Is Counsciousness a Brain Process (1956) greatly influenced J.J.C. Smart. Consequently, in &8220Sensations and Brain Processes (1959) Smart asserts that &8220processes reported in sensation statements are in fact processes in the brain. IT theorists design again st the &8220physical irreducibility of mental states, i.e. that they are something misterious and eluding physical laws, and so they deny the existence of the soul or counsciousness as something irreducible physical. Smart, a converted IT from behaviorist theory, doesn&8217t construe sensations or mental states as behaviors or dispositions, but type-identical with brain states so pain, belief, desire are nothing else but neural firing, chemic release and whatsoever else might happen in the brain at that moment. Therefore, erect as lightning is nothing but an electrical discharge, so pain just is C-fibers firing in the brain.Intent as a dichotomic agent between folk psychology and identity theory essays research papers The framework of choice for the contemporary philosophers of mind is physicalism, a position that integrates the study of mind within the &8216scientific&8217 human knowledge regulated by the laws of matter and energy. In this paper, I will provide arguments th at support the incompatibility between two different theories of mind, namely mind-brain identity theory (IT) and folk psychology (FP) on logical grounds. The first part of the essay will familiarize the reader with the basic concepts, definitions and some of the key arguments employed by IT and FP. Let us begin with a summary about identity theory. Simply put this theory holds that states and processes of the mind are identical to states and processes of the brain. To make use of an example, our experience of pain it is exactly reflected by a corresponding neurological state in the brain, i.e. C-fibres firing. From this point of view, the mind is the brain &8211 they are identical. However, this identity is only contingent, i.e. its confirmation relies upon ulterior scientifical advancements. There are two types of identity theories type-identity theory and token-identity theory. The later is just a moderate derivation of the former, by proposing a not so radical claim, i.e. that s upports the identity of particular instances (tokens) of mental states (e.g. a particular pain ) with correspondent particular brain states. Type-identity theory on the other hand, assumes a stronger position of strict identity, i.e. that pain as a type of mental state, is identical with a particular brain state. In this paper I refer to identity theory as type-identity theory (IT). The initiator of this theory was U.T. Place, and his innovative essay &8220Is Counsciousness a Brain Process (1956) greatly influenced J.J.C. Smart. Consequently, in &8220Sensations and Brain Processes (1959) Smart asserts that &8220processes reported in sensation statements are in fact processes in the brain. IT theorists object against the &8220physical irreducibility of mental states, i.e. that they are something misterious and eluding physical laws, and so they deny the existence of the soul or counsciousness as something irreducible physical. Smart, a converted IT from behaviorist theory, doesn&8217 t consider sensations or mental states as behaviors or dispositions, but type-identical with brain states so pain, belief, desire are nothing else but neural firing, chemical release and whatever else might happen in the brain at that moment. Therefore, just as lightning is nothing but an electrical discharge, so pain just is C-fibers firing in the brain.

Shapes Investigation :: Papers

Shapes Investigation doing an investigation to look at shapes made up of other shapes (starting with triangles, then going on squares and hexagons. I go away canvass to find the relationship between the perimeter (in cm), dots enclosed and the amount of shapes (i.e. triangles etc.) used to make a shape. From this, I will try to find a formula linking P (perimeter), D (dots enclosed) and T (number of triangles used to make a shape). Later on in this investigation T will be substituted for Q (squares) and H (hexagons) used to make a shape. Other letters used in my formulas and equations are X (T, Q or H), and Y (the number of sides a shape has). I have decided not to use S for squares, as it is possible it could be mistaken for 5, when put into a formula. After this, I will try to find a formula that links the number of shapes, P and D that will work with any tessellating shape - my universal formula. I betoken that for this to work I will have to incl ude that number of sides of the shapes I use in my formula. Method I will first draw protrude all possible shapes using, for example, 16 triangles, avoiding drawing those shapes with the same properties of T, P and D, as this is pointless (i.e. those arranged in the same way but say, on their side. I will attach these drawings to the front of each section. From this, I will make a list of all possible combinations of P, D and T (or later Q and H). wherefore I will continue making tables of different numbers of that shape, make a graph containing all the tables and then try to devise a work formula. As I progress, I will note down any obvious or less obvious things that I see, and any working formulas tack together will go on my Formulas page. To save time, perimeter, dots enclosed, triangles etc. are written as their formulaic counterparts.

The Role Of The Front Office :: essays research papers

The Role of The Front OfficeA security program is most effective when all employees participate in thehotels security efforts. Front office staff play a paticularly important role.Front desk element, door attendants, bell persons, and parking attendantshave theoppurtunity to observe all persons entering or departing the premises. suspect activities or circumstances involving a guest or visitor should bereported to the hotels security department or a designated staff member.Several procedures look desk agents should use to protect guests and propertyhave already been mentioned. For example, front desk agents should never givekeys, room numbers, messages, or mail to anyone requesting them without firstrequiring appropriate identification. Similiarly, the front desk agent should non announce an arriving guests room number. Guests whitethorn be further protecetedif the front office prohibits staff members frrom providing guest information tocallers or visitors. Generally, front desk a gent should not mention guest roomnumbers. People calling guests at the hotel should be directly connected tothe appropriate guestroom without being informed of the room number. Conversely,someone communicate for a specific room number over the telephone should never beconnected until the caller identifies whom he or she is calling and the hotelemployee verifies the identity of the person in the room requested. A personinquiring at the front desk about a guest may be asked to use the house phonesso that they connect only to the hotel operator. The caller can then beproperly screened to provideadditional security. Front office staff may alsoinform guests of personal precautions they may take. For example, front deskagents may suggest that guests hide and secure any valuables left in their cars.

Breastfeeding vs. Bottle Feeding :: Breastfeeding vs. Formula

Children come into this world completely helpless, unable to even comprehend their surroundings non to mention the exhibit that they have just taken part in. Because of this, infants ar completely reliable on the individuals around them. It is the duty of the parents to take care of and nurture their children. Parents are to digest for their children both through emotional needs as well as survival needs. Newborns need to be fed through means of milk, thus relying on a decision by their mother and father of whether to breastfeed or bottle feed. As stated in Nancy E. Wrights article on the advancement of breastfeeding, Aristotle utter, There is a reason behind everything in nature. Certain occurrences take place in nature that has repercussions or outcomes to them. Choosing to breastfeed is a decision that requires reach and hard work, yet has the potential to be an intricate detail to the healthy development of infants and children. According to Dr. Alicia De rmer and Dr. Anne Montgomery from The Medical Reporter, there are countless benefits to breastfeeding not only for the child but for the mother. Human milk has nutritional benefits within the fluid that provide for the optimal absorption of iron. This milk as well as protects the gut from baneful bacteria and assists in digestion of fat (Dermer, Montgomery.) This certain article also talked about how a mothers own milk will change during a feeding from thirst-quenching to hunger-satisfying. Mothers milk also has a variety of flavors because of the changing diet of the mother. Another benefit of breastfeeding, according to Dr. Dermer and Dr. Montgomery has to do with the immune system of infants. It is said that human milk is the babys first immunization. Human milk provides antibodies that protect the baby from many common respiratory and intestinal diseases. This milk also contains living immune cells according to this article as well. Colostrum, which is the first milk that is expressed by the mother, is packed with components which increases immunity and protects newborns intestines. This article also stated that, artificially fed babies have higher rates of middle ear infections, pneumonia, and cases of gastroenteritis (stomach flu). As a whole, breastfeed babies have a stronger immune system because of the antibodies that are expressed from the mother and passed on.

Perspectives of Psychology :: Humanistic Psychology Human Behavior Essays

Psychology as we all know is the scientific study of the carriage of humans and animals. The following paragraphs will compare and contrast Psychodynamic, portal, and humanitarian perspectives of psychology. Each one of these perspectives searches for answers most behavior through different techniques and through looking for answers to different kinds of questions. Due to the different approaches, each perspective form their own assumptions and explanations. Some perspectives are widely accepted while others struggle for acceptance Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were the key people in developing the Humanistic billet, Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson were the key people in developing the Psychodynamic Perspectives and Ameri tramp psychologist John B. Watson was the key person in developing the Behavioral perspective. The Psychodynamic Perspective focuses on unconscious mental activity. This perspective suggests that both prescript and abnormal behaviors are goaded p rimarily by unconscious forces (Davis And Palladino). The Behavioral Perspective focus on observable behaviors but does not speculate about mental processes such as thinking (Davis And Palladino). It also focuses on learning in understanding how various behaviors occur. The Humanistic Perspective focuses on how people can come to achieve their fullest potential as individuals who make choices and who take control of responsibility for their mental, social, and personal experiences. It also emphasizes free will and individuals control of their own behavior (Davis And Palladino). The cognitive process which is defined as some composite cognitive activity an carrying out that affects mental contents the process of thinking and the cognitive operation of remembering. The view of the cognitive process of The Behavioral Perspectives is due to private events not subject to scientific examination, best explained by examining the environment. The view of the cognitive process of The Psy chodynamic Perspective is due to unconscious processes determine about 6/7 of our behavior. The cognitive process of The Humanistic Perspective is due cognition and emotions and that behaviors are mostly determined by emotions. The Humanistic Psychology is influence by individual growth, personal responsibilities, and free will. The Psychodynamic Psychology is influence by unconscious mental process (needs and conflicts), and the Behavior Psychology is influence by interaction with other behavior and the environment.

Effect of injection or Suction and Magnetic Field on oscillatory flow i

An oscillatory hydrodynamic flow through permeable medium bounded by two horizontal parallel porous ordered seriess in the presence of transverse magnetic field is investigated. Both the stationary plates are subjected to the same constant injection / sucking velocities ( V ). A closed form analytical solution is obtained and the affects of different parameters (Injection / suction Parameter, Darcy number, Hartmann number, Frequency of oscillations etc.) on velocity field and skin-friction are discussed with the help of graphs in details.Key words Oscillatory flow, Magnetic field, Injection / suction, Planner convey. 1 Introduction The flows of fluids through porous media have attracted the attention of a number of scholars because of their come-at-able applications in many branches of science and technology. In fact a porous material containing the fluid is a non-homogeneous medium but it may be contingent to treat it as a homogeneous one, for the sake of analysis, by taking its dynamical properties to be equal to the averages of the original non-homogeneous continuum. Thus a complicated line of work of the flow through a porous medium gets reduced to the flow problem of a homogeneous fluid with some additional resistance. The hydrodynamic channel flow is a classical problem for which exact solution can be obtained Schillicting 1. Eckert 2 obtained the exact solution of Navier-Stokes equations for the flow between two parallel porous plates with constant injection/suction. In view of numerous important engineering and geophysical applications of the channel flows through porous medium, for example in the fields of chemical substance engineering for filtration and purification processes, in the fields of agriculture engineering f... ...Sci. Acad. 75(1) (2009) 41-48.14Garg, B.P., Singh, K.D. and Pathak, Reena (2011). An analysis of radiative, free-convective and mass transfer flow past an accelerated vertical plate in the presence of tran sverse magnetic field, J. Rajasthan Acad. Phy. Sci. 10(1) (in press).15Moreau, R. MagnetoHydrodynamics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1990).16Makinde, O.D. and Mhone, P.Y. Heat Transfer to MHD Oscillatory Flow in a Channel fill up with Porous Medium. Rom. Journ. Phys. 50 (2005) 931-938.17Mehmood, A. and Ali, A. The Effect of Slip Condition on Unsteady MHD Oscillatory Flow of a Viscous Fluid in a Planer Channel. Rom. Journ. Phys. 52(1-2) (2007) 85-91.18Singh, K.D. and Garg, B.P. Radiative Heat Transfer in MHD Oscillatory Flow through Porous Medium Bounded by devil Vertical Porous Plates. Bull. Cal. Math. Soc.102(2) (2010) 129-138.

Eating Breakfast for Success

Running Heads Breakfast and Learning Impact of Breakfast on Learning in School Ming Wen University of mummy Boston Dr. Sheree Conrad Psychology 101 Fall 2012 Abstract In this experiment, we pull up stakes study the impact of breakfast on learning in shallow. Students in several(prenominal) classes will be pursueed on their breakfast eating habits and their personal test scores. It will be a one-time survey over the course of one test. Factors that will be put under consideration ar the amount of times each individual studied and the amount of sleep they had the iniquity before.Many researches hold back been conducted proving that at that place argon significant relationships between eating breakfast and educational motions. This study hypothesizes that students who ate breakfast will do significantly better on tests than students who didnt eat breakfast. Impact of Breakfast on Learning in School Boschloo, Annemarie, et Al. (2012) conducted a survey with 608 adolescents age 1 1-18 investigating whether skipping breakfast has an impact on educational performances. The survey was to determine if those who eat breakfast daily have a better end-term-grade than those who skips breakfast.As a result, those who eat breakfast daily performed better in school than those who dont eat breakfast. The result also shows that multitude who slept late tend to slip breakfast, but sleep had no effect on performances. The results utilise to older and younger students also boys and girls. Anformer(a) crossover trail has been done by Widenhorn-Muller, Katharina et al. (2008), the trail was applied on high school students age 13-20. Students were designate to two groups one with breakfast and who without breakfast. They compared cognitive functions of students in each group.As a result, Breakfasthad no effect on paying more attention in class among students, but it has a short term effect on self-assessment and personal performance among the students. Pollitt, Ernesto et a l. (1982-1983) found that the timing and nutrient composition of meals have discerning and demonstrable effects on behavior. They conducted research on kids 9-11 yrs. old in controlled groups of fasting (breakfast) and non-fasting. They gave these children many tests such as assessment of IQ, the Matching Familiar Figures Test, and Hagen rallyIncidental Test.Glucose andinsulinlevels were also measured. Pivik, R. T. et al. (2012) found that neural network legal action involved in processing numerical information is functionally enhanced andperformanceis amend in children who have eatenbreakfast. Meanwhile students who did not eat breakfast will require more mental effort to solve mathematical problems. This founding was come-at-able by measuring the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of kids age 7-11 while they are solving math problems. Kids who ate breakfast showed higher(prenominal) frequency EEG activity whereas vice-versa for kids who did not eat breakfast.The propose d study is designed to investigate whether breakfast has an impact on how well a student perform on his/her test. We can have on that each student has a general knowledge on the subject and that they are prepared to take the test. Questions that will be raised during this experiment are 1. whether a person should eat breakfast before test and 2. how much should we eat for it to be consider a healthy breakfast. Method The proposed study is a survey for students age 15-22 in high schools and colleges. Surveys should separate participants into male or female.This survey is conducted on students taking math courses and numbers of males and female should be tied(p) in each age group. It is best to conduct the survey on participants within the same classes. Questions will be asked is number of sleep each students had the night before. Whether they had breakfast in the morning. How often do they eat breakfast. Also have the students list the breakfast they had in the morning. Discussion This discussion section will source practical and methodological difficulties in carrying out this survey.Also ethnical background issue will be put under consideration. Some difficulties we might encounter when taking a survey might be each individuals eating habits, some might eat more than others and the food they consume are different. Also health issues might affect a persons performance, for example, a person that weighs 130 pounds might have different results in performance compared to a person who is weigh 220 pounds even if they consume the same amount of food for breakfast. Also personal views will affect the survey.Some people have higher standards than others and naturally, the people with higher standards will try harder to get a higher grade than students with lower standards. This also brings up the issue of ethnicity and backgrounds because some people have higher expectations and different cultures have different habits of eating. In future studies, I would like t o conduct this survey to a wider age group such as kids from age 5-13 and adults from age 25-40. The adult brain is more developed than childrens brains and breakfast might have a different effect on children and adults.Also this survey can be expanded into testing on a wider range of tasks. Instead of math tests it can be test on other subjects, and other jobs such as a persons performance in an office or ground work. The survey should also study different types of people such as people with special needs compared to a person with normal functions. References Boschloo, Annemarie, et Al. (2012). The relation betweenbreakfastskipping and school performance in adolescents. Mind, Brain, and Education, Vol 6(2), Jun, 2012. pp. 81-88. Widenhorn-Muller, Katharina et al. 2008) knead of havingbreakfaston cognitiveperformanceand mood in 13- to 20-year-old highschool students Results of a crossover trial. Pediatrics, Vol 122(2), Aug, 2008. pp. 279-284. Pollitt, Ernesto et al. (1982-1983). Fas ting and cognitive function. Journal of Psychiatric Research, Vol 17(2), 1982-1983. pp. 169-174. Pivik, R. T. et al. (2012). alimentationbreakfastenhances the efficiency of neural networks engaged during mental arithmetic inschool-aged children. Physiology & Behavior, Vol 106(4), Jun 25, 2012. pp. 548-555.

How far did Alexander III bring political and social change to Russia? Essay

Alexander II was assassinated by terrorist in 1881, leaving Russia and its problems to his discussion Alexander III. Changes were to be made, accessiblely and policy-makingly in every aspect if he were to avoid the unfortunate events that ended his fathers reign. To begin with a change that occurred during his reign was rusification. In 1885 Russian was made the official language of Russia and other languages were forbidden in documents in schools. This was winnerful in some shipway as it made communications easier, however, it caused such a social change to Russia it sourced anger form other nationalities, leaving Muslim groups offended. This could have triggered uproar. Also pogroms (Russian pale) were introduced. The organisation actually encouraged organisation to go into Jewish settlements and attack them, as a consequence to this thousands of Jews left the country create a big social and political change. As the Jews were very productive and made up many of the upper clas s, they were good for their money e.g. the governing got lots of money through burdensome their land. When the Jews left they in addition left a hole to fill in the Russian economy, however this reinforced nationalism and only affected the minority of the population.extraneous investments made huge changes socially and politically to Russia. As Russia had no middle class they were unable to build up an economy so other countries posit businesses and invested in Russia this was successful at creating additional jobs also causing more factors of wealth and economical growth, still, working condition were poor and other countries were benefiting to much, using Russia for political influences and their resources such as oil in order to make a large profit. A special court was set up which had no instrument panel this sped up the whole process protecting the government and others against harm also stopping anyone from bribing the jury, this was a social change as it put criminals un der pull repressing ohmic resistance, for example in 1887 many from the Peoples Will were arrested and the leaders executed, without the court this process would not of been as efficient. Although attempts of his assignation were still made nether him or any of his political party were killed during his reign this shows a huge change compared to the time of his father.These groups never dominated Russia due to Alexanders repression and censorship. Censorship also prevented opposition parties from trying to claim more support but this meant people lost their freedom of speech and their opinions producing a tense relationship between the government and its people as they felt there was secrets that were being hidden and they should know what political state their country is. also the Okhara (secret police) were introduced which produced political safety imprisoning any opposition but evan this caused some unhappiness as the minority believed he cared more about his own wellbeing the n the one of his people.One major success during the reign of Alexander III was the acceleration of industrial development that continued even after his reign. Witte most associated most with this policy he was the minister of finance, He also encouraged foreign investment because of this Russias coal, iron, steel, and oil production grow massively. Railway routes and tracks also, giving important access to other countries making them socially and politically beneficial allowing Russians to communicate and spread their trade effortlessly without facing difficult terrain. The urban labour force grew rapidly. For example the population of St Petersburg and Moscow increased by over double between 1863 and 1897.due to imployment of thousands in factors. Wages, hours of work and housing conditions were usually very poor. This was especially true in Moscow. Government attempts to improve conditions were poor causing political and social frustation.

Causes of Climate Change. Is It Nature of Negligence?

BRETT LUCAS TRINITY COLLEGE L6 SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY CLIMATE CHANGE NATURE OR NEGLIGENCE The climate of our world is changing, however why? There is a great debate going on in the scientific community on whether our current climate change crisis is a natural occurrence over millions of years as what has happened on the pla net income of Mars or this natural process is being accelerated by adult males negligence. But first we must establish what is climate change? Climate Change is a long-term shift in the statistics of weather (taken from weather. gov October 2007 member on Climate Change).Through place our planets long history our climate has changed between hot and cold in each time period from the Precambrian period to now. The Earths climate has always been con postred dynamic with changes occurring through a natural cycle. What we are all concerned about here on flat coat is whether the changes that wipe out happened today have been accelerated because of mans living trends . Scientists from classrooms to NASA specialists study climate change, and evidence such as tree rings, pollen samples, ice cores and sea sediments provide resilient information.Scientists have all agreed that causes of climatic change are of two types those that are due to natural causes and those that are created by the main inhibitors of earth, Man. Natural Causes Continental Drift This has been happening on our planet from the beginning of time, which is caused by the continuous behavement of our tectonic plates. The proof of our theory is that the western side of Africa and the eastern side of South America seems to be able to fit like a jigsaw puzzle and they have similar fossils.In the past all of the continents formed a massive super continent called Pangaea. When the continent separated it caused great changes to the earths ocean current pattern, thitherfore causing a the fresh and flavor water cycle to be off balance thus affecting our planets climate. Volcanoes During volcanic rushs large volumes of nursery gases (sulphur dioxide (SO2), water vapour, dust, and ash) are spread into the earths atmosphere. These gases trap heat from exiting the atmosphere after the earth has absorbed what it can from the Sun.For example, in April 1991 Mount Pintoba in the Philippines erupted emitting tonnes of gases into the atmosphere. The volcano in its eruption destroys natural life on the land surface with its lava. When the volcano is an submarine volcano it can displace great amounts of water during an eruption especially when the undersea volcano creates an island, which can further affect the ocean currents. The Earths Tilt The earth, which is tilted at an angle of 23. 5 to the perpendicular plane of its orbital path, makes a full orbit around the sun in one year.For half of the year the northern hemisphere is tilted towards sun, which is summer for the North bet on (6 months of daylight). In the other half the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun therefore the North Pole will have winter (6 months of darkness). If there was no tilt, there wouldnt have been any seasons. If the tilt was more the summers and winters would have been intensified whilst if the tilt was less, the summers would have been cooler and the winters would have been warmer. Greenhouse EffectThe greenhouse effect occurs when heat thrust from the sun enters the earths atmosphere and most is being absorbed by the earth. The reflected heat energy rays is sent venture into the atmosphere but most is then stopped by the greenhouse gases (such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons) which keep most of the reflected heat energy from escaping and reflecting it back down to earth with more heat energy from the sun. With this continuous action the earths surface temperature will rise. ocean CurrentsThe worlds oceans are major components in the climate system. They cover approximately 71% of the earth and absorb about t wice as much of the suns radiation as the atmosphere or the land surface. The ocean current moves heat around the earth (which is about same as the atmosphere). Winds push horizontally against the sea surface and drive ocean current patterns. Ocean currents influence certain parts of the world more than others. For example the Humboldt Current that flows along the coastline of Peru straightaway affects the coast off of Peru and other adjoining regions.The El Nino in the Pacific Ocean affects the climatic conditions all over the world due to the ocean currents. Ocean currents can affect places that share the same latitude in Europe and North America. Any of these phenomena can have an impact on the climate, as is believed to have happened at the end of the last Ice Age, about 14000 years ago. Human Causes Use of Oil, Coal and Natural Gas With the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in the 19th Century, we saw the large-scale use of fossil fuels (such as Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal) fo r industrial activities (factories, electricity).These activities created jobs and over the years people moved from rural areas to cities. In the fork up day we use these fossil fuels on a much larger scale to power almost every thing, which in turn let out millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide each day increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which creates more heat coming down to the earth, melting our polar ice capes and raising sea levels. Further heated seas will increase the number and intensity of hurricanes and other climatic natural disasters around the world (for example hurricane Ivan which hit the nation of Grenada in 2004).How we all contribute Every Day All of us in our daily routines contribute our bit to this change in climate. For example * electricity is the main source of power in urban areas. All our gadgets run on electricity generated mainly from thermal power plants. These power plants run on fossil fuels. * Cars, buses, trains, aircraf t and trucks are the most common ways of transportation for goods and people in and out of cities. These means of transport need to be powered to move therefore its usually powered by petrol or diesel. Large quantities of waste are generated in the form of plastics that remain in the environment for umteen years and cause damage. * Many trees are destroyed to facilitate the high demand for paper, which is being used in our work at school and offices. Trees are in like manner destroyed for timber. With the continuous oddment of our forest this will increase the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. * With our global population increasing at a speedy rate, we will need food to feed this population.Therefore more farms will be needed for the growing of the food, thus more fertilizers being used to grow the crops better. ascribable to the high use of fertilizers large amounts of nitrous oxide is emitted into the atmosphere adding to the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphe re. Global Warming This is I caused by mans impetuous use of the earths resources creating a high above normal greenhouse gas levels. These high levels of greenhouse gases are warming up the earth and depleting our ozone layer.A hole has been formed over Antarctica, which was caused by global warming. This hole is allowing more sunlight to enter the earths atmosphere thus melting our polar ice caps and raising our sea levels (the sea is rising at a rate of 3. 33mm per year NASA). With the warming up of the earth the sea will also be warmed thus creating stronger hurricanes and longer hurricane seasons. Conclusion There is no doubt that the earth in its own natural evolution would have created probative occurrences of climatic change.Thing such as continental drift, volcanoes, the earths tilt, the greenhouse effect and ocean currents are all parts of the natural order. We know scientifically that the earths has been around for millions of years and there is no definitive time when these natural causes would have impacted climate change to the point where earth would have deteriorated to a stage similar to the planet Mars. What is clear though is that the impact of mans lifestyle has negatively affected climate change to the point where the destruction of earth is now in the foreseeable future.Governments of nations around the world, advised by scientist have now embarked on programs to decelerate the speed of climatic change by developing green engineering which is the program, commercialization, and use of processes and products that are feasible and economical while minimizing the generation of pollution at the source and risk to human health and the environment. Green engineering embraces the concept that decisions to protect human health and the nvironment can have the greatest impact and cost effectiveness when applied early to the design and development phase of a process or product. (United States Environmental Agency) Man must now act to determine the survival of Earth Existence. Bibliography 1Climate InstituteClimate. org 2Causes of Climate ChangePhysical Geography. net 3Global Climate ChangeNational Aeronautics and Space Administration 4Causes of Climate Change 5Geography for ASEditor Clive Hart 6Geography An Integrated ApproachDavid Waugh

Do Not Go Gentle to That Good Night by Dylan Thomas Essay

Dylan Thomas was a well-known poet and writer whose poems were very famous, such as And Death Shall reach No Dominion and The Play for Voice. He was born on 27 October 1914, and he died on 9 November 1953. He was very popular in his flavourtime, and he is still known by his works after his death. One of his works that I think is the most significant poem is Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night. This work had been published about 2 years before his death 1951, and it is also a part of the collection In realm Sleep. Dylan used the poem to express his feeling while his father was losing health and strength, encouraging his father to hold on to life.The theme of this poem is death. At the for the first time line of the poem, Do not go gentle into that good night, he wants to tell the unknown listeners not to go into that good night. We can easily bewilder a poetic device of parable when he used the word night for death. We also have an extended metaphor in which day is life and night is death. The first line is also the title of the poem, repeated four times throughout the poem. The next two lines are Old age should incinerate and rave at close of day/ Rage, rage against the end of the light. In the second line, we can see what the poet wants to show us about how the elderly should involution death with their remaining health. In addition, when he says Rage, rage against the dying of the light, he wants to clearly confirm that this is the processing of the age the death of old age. The first stanza is the dissertation statement of the poem about aging and death.The first line of second stanza Though wise men at their end know dark is right, the metaphor of darkness is continually used dark represents death. The meaning of this clock time is the clever men think that we are all going to die its in all a natural process. However, at the second line Because their words had forked no lighting they / Do not go gentle into that good night. This sentence h as an implication. The word in this line is the action of the clever people. The poet shows the unknown listener that though the clever men know that the death of aging is natural, they still gauge to fight it they do not go gentle to that good night.This idea is continually developed in the next two stanzas The wild men who caught and render the sun in flight grieved it on its way and the grave men who see with blinding sight. They still fight against the dying of light the death of aging. In the final stanza, And you, my father, there on the sad height, we know the unknown listener is the poets father, and he is dying. The poet by this poem, tries to beg and encourage his father to fight against the dying of the light. The speaker ends the poem by two lines Do not go gentle to that good night / Rage, rage against the dying of the light. These are also the two lines that were repeated throughout the poem.This poem is one of the famous poems in Dylan Thomass collection. The poem not only is an encouragement that tells us not hallow up but fight against the dying of aging, but also he wants to tell his father not go to the darkness Do not go gentle to the good night.Work CiteShmoop Editorial Team. Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night Stanza 6 Summary Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 5 Feb. 2013